1st fit: product / solution to problem fit - ensuring that you are able to create a product that solves some or most of the customer problem that spurred you to start up. This is the Minimum Viable Product or MVP as it is called.
(also ref to as the value hypothesis)
2nd fit: GTM to market fit, where you reach the ideal combo of customer segments, sales channels & customer acquisition approaches (collectively GTM) getting you to +ve contribution margin (i.e., revenue minus COGS minus direct mktg costs) for every new customer. This is PMF.
This means that you have a growth machine that can be cranked up; every incremental rupee or dollar invested at this stage in the growth machine (acquiring, engaging and monetising the customer) will yield more than what was invested. Growth capital can now be deployed.
This is why getting to PMF is vital. Before PMF, there is no guarantee that a rupee invested in the growth machine will necessarily yield incremental returns. At PMF, there is a guarantee of a return on the growth investment.
What the founder needs to do at each of these 2 stages / phases is v different.
The 1st phase needs the founder to drive faster product iteration cycles to ensure that the product meets much of all customer needs or solves the problems the product was designed for.
The 2nd phase needs the founder to explore various paths to take the market to a wide segment of customers, so as to determine the least-energy or most cost-efficient path to scaling.
I thought this was an outstanding podcast - one every dev tools startup founder should listen to or read the transcript of. Brief 🧵 on what I found interesting.
A startup learns about itself in 3 ways. Or rather founders learn about their startup, & how well it is doing, or not, in one of 3 primary ways.
- customers / product iterations
- interviewees / hiring
- investors / fundraising
In that order.
Let us unpack this.
Customers / product iteration.
The best customer feedback is not by hearing them talk, but seeing how they interact with the product - buying it, or using it.
Learn from the feedback + reactions you get, & further iterate the product. And again go back to them with the product. The faster the pace of product iteration, the faster the learning cycles.
This is really what matters for learning from customers
Of course hardware in edtech isnt new. Byju's for instance has thus far sold its content via tabs.
Incl MBA Prep, not just high school tuition.
Hardware is a great way to build a pipe / enable access in markets where internet bandwidth is iffy. As this SD card play from Nigerian startup @uLessonApp by @SimShagaya shows...
Interesting to see Substack, Teachable (or Didactic from @wes_kao@gaganbiyani where @Lennysan is offering this cohort-based course) as the initial tiles of a larger revenue jigsaw (puzzle).
The core theme is of course @kevin2kelly's famous making a living of your 1,000 or (more) true fans. All of these (Substack, Teachable, Patreon, BuyMeaCoffee etc.) can be seen as ways to enable different route of making a living via your 1k fans
Before the internet, you had to go through gatekeepers (editors, music co CEOs etc) to reach your fans.
Then, in the first phase of the internet you had marketplaces (Skillshare, Udemy, itunes) where you dont have emails or even direct connects with your fans.
Understanding startups (or scaling startups), metrics & valuations
or
how not to be misled by analog metrics when you run digital scalable ventures.
1st a key clarification: there are many kinds of startups - at one extreme, think of a SaaS venture aimed at getting 1m+ developers to swipe their cards, aiming to be a $1b rev biz in 5+ yrs; at other a local restaurant or a pet salon with no rev goals. In middle varying combos.
VCs invest exclusively in the 1st kind of startups - businesses that grow big very fast (or scale) - typically tech or tech-led (incl software, hardware, biotech) ventures. Tech allows you to serve or acquire next customer at low to zero cost. This is an important criterion.
On my new post. This is a massive ~7k words piece!
I write abt the 'Indus Valley' playbook. Indus Valley is tour desi startup ecosystem, and the Indus Valley playbook is the hacks, biz models & approaches needed to win in this unique ecosystem.