"Wall Street Analysts" and other commentators like to talk about "Beta" :
“Tesla has to have a higher return because it has a higher risk”
“It has a higher risk because it has a higher beta”
This is not the most useful way to think of "beta"
Beta is a measure of past volatility of an indidual stock relative to the past volatility of the broader market
Now consider this :
1. An investor’s investment risk is not in the past
2. An investor’s investment risk is not in the present
3. An investor’s investment risk is in the future
- once they own the stock, the only uncertainty that matters is "what will be the stock price at the end of my investment time horizon ?"
4.. An investor’s investment risk has nothing to do with present stock price volatility
5. An investor’s risk is ONLY about whether their expected 2031 Valuation will be achieved or not
6. The current beta tells us nothing about what the beta might be in 2031
7. Even if we knew the beta in 2031, it would tell us nothing about what the Valuation would be in 2031
8. Except that the higher the beta is in 2031, the higher the likelihood will be that the peak price for the stock will be above our median-based Price Target
- which is GOOD for the investor
THINK ABOUT IT
9. Beta simply means higher highs and lower lows
10. When you are a Buyer you want a higher beta to get lower Buying prices
11. When you are a Seller you want a higher beta to get higher Selling prices
12. Therefore, logically a higher beta should imply a higher future Valuation
- and therefore a higher discounted Target Price today
Because the Discount Rate should never change
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Once we have a clear understanding of our Valuation Methodology, it is useful to make a couple of important observations
1. We have never seen a case before like Tesla where the broad direction of the future can be predicted with such confidence
It is quite remarkable and it is a consequence of three things
- one is that it comes from a fundamental disruption of a very large and important industry sector and consumer sector, the sort of thing that happens only once in a lifetime or once in 100 years for that sector
- the second is that this company is being led by a remarkable set of human talents and appears to be accumulating and building even more talent internally
1. Let us start with the principle that a stock will ultimately be valued based on its earnings, regardless of how it is priced today
So Future Value = Future Net Income x Future P/E Multiple / Future Number of Shares
It is that simple
2. For a stock to deliver you a 15% return based on its fundamentals, it has to grow its earnings at 15% or more over the investment period
- once its earnings growth slows below 15% per year its discounted present value will naturally decline
3. Normally its Net Income growth must be driven by its Revenue growth
- so this means that you must look for stocks whose Revenues are growing more than +15% per year and which are expected to continue to do so for as many years as possible
A PRIMER ON UNDERSTANDING CAPACITY IN THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR
When a company builds a manufacturing facility there are a lot of considerations that go into determining its capacity, and even more considerations that go into determining its output
Let us take a look at the case of Tesla
This is the most recent communication from the company on their Installed Annual Capacity
But what does it mean ?
To understand that it is helpful to lay out a more detailed Capacity Map
First, there are currently four relevant locations
Volkswagen to buy environmental credits from Tesla in China
The deal is the first of its kind to be reported between the two companies in China and highlights the scale of the task Volkswagen faces in transforming its huge ICEV business reuters.com/article/us-vol…
China is the world’s biggest auto market where over 25 million vehicles were sold last year, and it runs a credit system that encourages automakers to work towards a cleaner future by, for example, improving fuel efficiency or making more electric cars
Manufacturers are awarded green credits that can be offset against negative credits for producing more polluting vehicles
They can also buy green credits to ensure compliance with overall targets
This trade is usually between affiliated companies that share a major stakeholder