Lapis update! Time to extract the pigment . I let the wax crayon soften in warm water for ten minutes, then moved it onto another bowl of warm water with some potassium carbonate (left) #lapislazuli
Then (wearing gloves because potassium carbonate is not kind to hands) I massaged the wax to release the pigment into the water. This is based on Cennino Cennini's fifteenth century recipe. The impurities should stay in the wax
It took nearly two hours and lots of water changes - but eventually most of the pigment had come out #Lapislazuli
Lots of rinsing and draining (and lots of forgetting the order of the bowls)
I've got four grades, which are drying out. I'll probably rinse them again and pick out any further impurities, then grind to a fine powder. If this was a commercial venture, I would charge eleventy million pounds per gram, because it is such an absolute pain in the arse to make
Tyrian (or imperial) purple was by far the most superior colour in the ancient and medieval world, but is very expensive. Mohammed Ghassen Nouira makes Tyrian purple using traditional Phoenician methods, with fantastic results. I hope to work with him soon facebook.com/Pourpre-de-Car…
Orchil purple, obtained from lichens, was a cheaper alternative, and probably used in the Book of Kells. However, it is hard to source and ecologically unwise to do so. Isabella Whitworth has done a lot of work on dyeing textiles with orchil isabellawhitworth.com/2013/09/17/tal…
It’s time for more #medievalstuffwithcats! I made this zodiac illumination. If you want to know a bit more about the process, read on…
The zodiac roundels come from the calendar in British Library, Royal MS 1 D X bl.uk/manuscripts/Vi… (note that some of the roundels are not exactly round)
I decided to do this illumination because I want to start working on larger pieces of parchment. I used 8” x 10” (a bit smaller than A4). This feels like a decent size for a folio, although if we were working in a scriptorium this would be double the size and folded in the centre
2. Quills were probably used before this - but the earliest reference to them is by Isidore of Seville, from his Etymology in the 7th century. Here he is in the Aberdeen Bestiary, writing with a (surprise!) quill abdn.ac.uk/bestiary/ms24/…
3. In book 6.14.3 of his Etymology he writes - Instrumenta scribae calamus et pinna (the scribe’s tools are the reed-pen and the quill). This 12thC copy is a particularly #nuntastic example, written by 8 female scribes from Abbey of Munsterbilsen (BL, Harley MS 3099, ff.1v,45r-v)
It’s from Theophilus’s De diversis artibus, compiled c.1125. This is before gesso was being used, as it instructs to take the clear part of the beaten egg white, and paint it on to the manuscript where the gold is to be applied
The best bit is this:
et hora oportet te a vento cavere, et ab halitu continere, quia si flaveris, petulam perdes et difficile reperies -
Gesso is the sticky stuff that medieval illuminators used to attach the gold leaf to the parchment. Originally, egg glair or gum arabic was used, which was fine, but very flat. By 13th C, a new chalky mixture was used, raising the gold off the page (BL, Royal MS 1 D X, fol. 3v)
In these images, you can see where gesso has been applied but no gold leaf (fol. 54v), and also where the gold leaf has flaked off to reveal the gesso underneath (fol. 30v) - BL, Add MS 42555 bl.uk/manuscripts/Vi…
Here's a thread about the iron gall ink I have just made. I’m not artistic, crafty or very in tune with nature, but as someone who researches medieval manuscripts, I wanted to experience the process. And surprisingly, so did my cat #heritagecrafts#irongallink#medievaltwitter
2. There is some open ground behind my house, so I went for a forage for some oak galls. I didn't really know if I would be able to recognise what I was looking for, and it took me a while to find any. But, once I had spotted one, I got my eye in
3. Based on my vast experience of one foraging trip, I found them much easier to spot on smaller, younger oak trees. This little one in particular had loads - I got about twelve from it. In less than an hour, I had collected this lot - 123 grams