The @IEA is out early with projected energy & CO₂ emissions for 2021:

Energy:
2020: ⬇️ ~4%
2021: ⬆️ 4.6%, 0.5% above 2019 levels (full rebound)

Global fossil energy CO₂ emissions:
2020: ⬇️ 5.8%, or ~2GtCO₂
2021: ⬆️ 4.8%, or ~1.5GtCO₂

Everyone wanted back to normal🤔

1/ Image
My guestimate was 3.5% as of April 2021, so quite some lower.

My method is very aggregated, based on GDP & historical trends in CO₂/GDP. I would trust the IEA much more with disaggregated approaches... Or?

2/ Image
Projections change over time. This is the projection I made in January, it was for 3% growth (not 3.5%). The difference? @IMFNews increased their projected GDP growth.

3/ Image
The @gcarbonproject has been making these projections for years. Most important is to evaluate how the projections performed.

There are uncertainties. These are projections. A projection in April is harder, as there is still 8 months in the year...
essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/32…

/end Image

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More from @Peters_Glen

18 Apr
Do you remember when 1.5°C was a “geophysical impossibility”, then came possible after a single study?

I forgot all about this study in the “virtually impossible” discussion, but I remember at the time I reacted to that framing…

1/

rdcu.be/vXeB
The study essentially argued that based on the AR5 carbon budgets, viewed from 2014, there was seven years (2021) until the 1.5°C carbon budget was used, & therefore 1.5°C was essentially a "geophysical impossibility".

They had a new method with a more realistic budget.

2/
The @CarbonBrief post was titled: "Why the 1.5°C warming limit is not yet a geophysical impossibility"

The authors wrote: "[A]lthough 1.5°C is not yet a geophysical impossibility, it remains a very difficult policy challenge."

3/

carbonbrief.org/guest-post-why…
Read 10 tweets
16 Apr
Despite China building more coal capacity (net), coal use has been flat in the decade (green). This means the coal power utilisation rate is declining.

Coal is going down in Europe & the US, but up in most other places.

1/ Image
And here is the same figure as a line chart, which makes it easier to compare countries and see the trends... Image
There are much more ups & downs in coal production. Most of the differences (to consumption) are likely to relate to stock piles (& statistical differences).

3/ Image
Read 4 tweets
9 Apr
Finland had a special year in 2019, worth a look...

In terms of Primary Energy, the largest energy source in Finland is now bioenergy, passing oil in 2019!

Finland also has a high share of nuclear...

1/
As of 2019, Finland now emits less CO₂ than Sweden & Norway in aggregate terms.

Finnish CO₂ emissions went down 9% in 2019.

Interesting to see how things look in 2021 (after 2020 changes).

2/
Though, CO₂ emissions per person are still relatively high in Finland, more than twice the global average.

In good news, Finnish CO₂ emissions per person are falling relatively fast.

3/
Read 8 tweets
7 Apr
Most think the world will cross 1.5°C global warming between 2026-2030. This is quite defensible, as is 2031-2040.

Though, this all depends on the data set, & how the averaging is done.

1/
IPCC SR15 has current (2017) warming at 1.0°C (running mean), & suggests 1.5°C would be exceeded in 2030-2052 at the current rate.

2/
@hausfath has current (2020) warming at 1.2-1.4°C (not a running mean)


In an earlier analysis he suggested 1.5°C will be crossed around 2030-2032 (median)
carbonbrief.org/analysis-when-…

3/
Read 6 tweets
1 Apr
THREAD "Limiting climate change to 1.5°C is now virtually impossible"

Therefore, a report that focuses on 3°C temperature rise by 2100 (2.7–3.1°C based on current climate policies).

While noting "acting early & urgently reduces the scale of the impacts"

science.org.au/supporting-sci…
2. I am not sure what the fuss is about "virtually impossible"? Has anyone read the 'consensus' #IPCC #SR15?

The SPM writes 1.5°C pathways "require rapid & far-reaching transitions in energy, land, urban & infrastructure and industrial systems (𝒉𝒊𝒈𝒉 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆)"
3. Current "ambitions would not limit global warming to 1.5°C (𝒉𝒊𝒈𝒉 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆)"

Not even 'virtually', just "not" possible!

Noting, that even updated pledges so far lead to a 1% decrease in global emissions, not the required 45% reduction!
Read 12 tweets
26 Mar
'Net' emissions are a slippery slope, but we already deal with net emissions. It is not so scary...

In most Annex I countries LULUCF emissions are a net-sink. The sink is mainly forest regrowth & recovery.

Net emissions have been here since 1990, at least...

1/
In the EU, most of the sink is increased uptake in existing forests, there is a small part of afforestation (dark green). There are also emission sources, such as from grasslands & new settlements.

Maintaining the sink over time (with climate impacts) could be hard.

2/
The EU27 now includes the land sink (LULUCF) in its climate targets.

Perhaps this is good? It forces the EU to maintain & expand its sink.

Perhaps this is bad? The EU can now have 'net-zero' emissions in 2050 (though, studies suggest this is mainly agricultural)

3/
Read 7 tweets

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