Most think the world will cross 1.5°C global warming between 2026-2030. This is quite defensible, as is 2031-2040.

Though, this all depends on the data set, & how the averaging is done.

1/
IPCC SR15 has current (2017) warming at 1.0°C (running mean), & suggests 1.5°C would be exceeded in 2030-2052 at the current rate.

2/
@hausfath has current (2020) warming at 1.2-1.4°C (not a running mean)


In an earlier analysis he suggested 1.5°C will be crossed around 2030-2032 (median)
carbonbrief.org/analysis-when-…

3/
It is worth noting that nearly all 1.5°C scenarios first exceed 1.5°C & then go back below 1.5°C (according to SR15).

Deep mitigation now means we will in any case very likely exceed 1.5°C, unless the climate behaves in unexpected ways.

4/
This 1.5°C exceedance point surprisingly did not come up much in the 'virtually impossible' discussion, except via @Oliver_Geden

There are not many scenarios that never exceed 1.5°C, nearly all return to below 1.5°C with large-scale CDR.

5/
The 'virtually impossible' discussion has many layers:
1. The climate response
2. Ability to perform immediate & rapid global emission reductions (still with CDR later)
3. Failing 2, the ability to have CDR at a scale which compensates for failing on 2 (IMHO, highly unlikely)

/6

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More from @Peters_Glen

1 Apr
THREAD "Limiting climate change to 1.5°C is now virtually impossible"

Therefore, a report that focuses on 3°C temperature rise by 2100 (2.7–3.1°C based on current climate policies).

While noting "acting early & urgently reduces the scale of the impacts"

science.org.au/supporting-sci…
2. I am not sure what the fuss is about "virtually impossible"? Has anyone read the 'consensus' #IPCC #SR15?

The SPM writes 1.5°C pathways "require rapid & far-reaching transitions in energy, land, urban & infrastructure and industrial systems (𝒉𝒊𝒈𝒉 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆)"
3. Current "ambitions would not limit global warming to 1.5°C (𝒉𝒊𝒈𝒉 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆)"

Not even 'virtually', just "not" possible!

Noting, that even updated pledges so far lead to a 1% decrease in global emissions, not the required 45% reduction!
Read 12 tweets
26 Mar
'Net' emissions are a slippery slope, but we already deal with net emissions. It is not so scary...

In most Annex I countries LULUCF emissions are a net-sink. The sink is mainly forest regrowth & recovery.

Net emissions have been here since 1990, at least...

1/
In the EU, most of the sink is increased uptake in existing forests, there is a small part of afforestation (dark green). There are also emission sources, such as from grasslands & new settlements.

Maintaining the sink over time (with climate impacts) could be hard.

2/
The EU27 now includes the land sink (LULUCF) in its climate targets.

Perhaps this is good? It forces the EU to maintain & expand its sink.

Perhaps this is bad? The EU can now have 'net-zero' emissions in 2050 (though, studies suggest this is mainly agricultural)

3/
Read 7 tweets
22 Mar
Historically, the land & ocean sink have removed about one-half of the anthropogenic CO₂ emissions.

If we mitigate successfully in the future, the sinks will take up less CO₂ since emissions are lower, but they will be replaced by 'engineered sinks'.

1/n
This is a more detailed figure showing the anthropogenic CO₂ emission sources (top), & the land and ocean sinks (with the balance remaining in the atmosphere). Bread & butter carbon cycle...

2/
globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget/i…
As we mitigate, the land & ocean sinks take up less, but engineered sinks (eg BECCS) & afforestation increase.

If the land sink is included as an emissions source, then emissions still need to go to zero about the same time (dashed line).

Fig based on science.sciencemag.org/content/355/63…
3/
Read 9 tweets
19 Mar
IPCC: "In model pathways with no or limited overshoot of 1.5°C, global net anthropogenic CO₂ emissions [reach] net zero ~2050 (2045–2055)"

There are likely equally plausible scenarios (shown here) that reach net-zero CO₂ emissions in 2100 with the same 'carbon budget'.

1/
You don't believe me?

These are the scenarios used for net-zero ~2050 (2045-2055). They basically all cross zero around 2050. This is because they focus on 2100 targets & allow 'overshoot'.

This is a design feature of the scenarios, & are not the only way to get to 1.5°C!

2/
The temperature response to those scenarios all have a 'peak & decline' shape. Some of the 'peak & decline' is due to CO₂ emissions & some to non-CO₂ emissions (GWP100 confuses this point).

Most modelling uses a 2100 target, allowing overshoot (a cost-effective 'feature').

3/
Read 4 tweets
18 Mar
THREAD: Net-zero emissions

What is the the different between zero & net-zero? CO₂ or GHG?

Does net-zero mean emissions continue but are offset by Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)? (no)

Based on a presentation: slideshare.net/GlenPeters_CIC…
2. First, why is "net-zero" needed in the first place?

Science shows that the temperature stops rising when CO₂ emissions reach (net-)zero.

There are non-CO₂ emissions, but they have a smaller (secondary) effect & declining emissions may be sufficient

cicero.oslo.no/no/posts/klima…
3. Zero emissions:

If we take a remaining carbon budget consistent with 1.5°C, then emissions need to drop rapidly. This curve converges to zero, there is no physical reason to have a straight line to zero.

(I took 580GtCO₂ from SR15 Table 2.2, not adjusted for time past)
Read 14 tweets
17 Mar
What is net-zero? Is it carbon neutral? CO₂ or GHG?

Did you know that 1.5°C scenarios reach net-zero CO₂ emissions around 2050, but net-zero GHG emissions around 2070?

1/
For a likely below 2°C scenario, the net-zero years are shifted back about 20 years.

In fact, many likely below 2°C scenarios don't require net-zero GHG emissions until after 2100.

2/
And why "net" and not just zero?

That is because it is hard to get all emissions completely to zero, & so some carbon dioxide removal is needed to clean up any remaining emissions.

The scale is important. How much CDR is possible?

3/
Read 6 tweets

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