'Net' emissions are a slippery slope, but we already deal with net emissions. It is not so scary...
In most Annex I countries LULUCF emissions are a net-sink. The sink is mainly forest regrowth & recovery.
Net emissions have been here since 1990, at least...
1/
In the EU, most of the sink is increased uptake in existing forests, there is a small part of afforestation (dark green). There are also emission sources, such as from grasslands & new settlements.
Maintaining the sink over time (with climate impacts) could be hard.
2/
The EU27 now includes the land sink (LULUCF) in its climate targets.
Perhaps this is good? It forces the EU to maintain & expand its sink.
Perhaps this is bad? The EU can now have 'net-zero' emissions in 2050 (though, studies suggest this is mainly agricultural)
3/
If some countries include their sink (LULUCF) they are already nearly net-zero GHG emissions. This is Sweden...
[Sweden, as far as I know, is not planning to use the sink in this way]
4/
Globally, net land-use change emissions are the balance of a very big source (deforestation) & sinks (mainly reforestation).
There is a huge sink potentially globally, by stopping deforestation & enhancing sinks.
This is a net concept...
5/
While I know & understand many really dislike 'net', it is here to stay. Being more explicit on 'net' gives a better opportunity to discuss land-use change (deforestation & afforestation), enhancing sinks, etc.
6/
Most don't like 'net' as they think it is a license to burn fossil fuels. That is the 𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐮𝐬𝐞 of 'net'. It also relates to use of large-scale carbon dioxide removal in scenarios, industries use of 'offsets', etc. These are different issues.
/end
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Historically, the land & ocean sink have removed about one-half of the anthropogenic CO₂ emissions.
If we mitigate successfully in the future, the sinks will take up less CO₂ since emissions are lower, but they will be replaced by 'engineered sinks'.
1/n
This is a more detailed figure showing the anthropogenic CO₂ emission sources (top), & the land and ocean sinks (with the balance remaining in the atmosphere). Bread & butter carbon cycle...
IPCC: "In model pathways with no or limited overshoot of 1.5°C, global net anthropogenic CO₂ emissions [reach] net zero ~2050 (2045–2055)"
There are likely equally plausible scenarios (shown here) that reach net-zero CO₂ emissions in 2100 with the same 'carbon budget'.
1/
You don't believe me?
These are the scenarios used for net-zero ~2050 (2045-2055). They basically all cross zero around 2050. This is because they focus on 2100 targets & allow 'overshoot'.
This is a design feature of the scenarios, & are not the only way to get to 1.5°C!
2/
The temperature response to those scenarios all have a 'peak & decline' shape. Some of the 'peak & decline' is due to CO₂ emissions & some to non-CO₂ emissions (GWP100 confuses this point).
Most modelling uses a 2100 target, allowing overshoot (a cost-effective 'feature').
If we take a remaining carbon budget consistent with 1.5°C, then emissions need to drop rapidly. This curve converges to zero, there is no physical reason to have a straight line to zero.
(I took 580GtCO₂ from SR15 Table 2.2, not adjusted for time past)
IPCC AR5 WG3 (2014) had a figure showing the impact on mitigation costs of various technology restrictions (eg, no CCS).
It also compared lower energy demand (20–30% below baseline by 2050 & 35–45 % by 2100), first set of bars.
This 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 mitigation costs by half.
1/
The 'low energy demand' analysis enforced a reduction on demand, but did not evaluate the costs (ie, mitigation costs of reduced demand are assumed zero).
The analysis covers all major emitters
* China the only major nation with grow (+0.5%), with end-of-year monthly emissions exciting 2019 levels
* USA: Down 9.4%
* EU27+UK: Down 7.5%
* India: Down 8.1%
The COVID declines build on top of preexisting trends.
2/
Transport was the major driver of change:
* Ground transport was 37% of the decline
* International transport was 28%, despite representing 2-3% of global emissions
The power sector was 18% of the decline, but monthly emissions are already back to 2019 levels (globally).