"In addition to the direct effects of preventing cases and reducing severity, we have shown that both the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 vaccines are associated with reduced likelihood of household transmission by 40-50% from individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 after vaccination...
"...highlighting important wider benefits to close contacts. While this analysis was primarily intended to understand impacts on transmission to household contacts rather than those outside the household, the former are consistently identified as being at high risk for ...
"secondary infection. Therefore, these results could also have implications for transmissibility in other settings with similar transmission risks. ...
"These would need to be considered in future pandemic modelling to fully capture the impact of the vaccination programme and to inform public health strategies and public communication going forward.
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Travel is starting to split into countries with low Covid cases and countries without low Covid cases.
A short thread.
Singapore and Hong Kong have announced a travel bubble
"All passengers departing from Hong Kong are required to be vaccinated, and passengers from both cities are expected to take a test within three days of departure and again on arrival."
Public Health England have updated their analysis of Variants of Concern and Variants under Investigation. It is great that this expert analysis has been published.
Some commentary.
Firstly, the India variant (B.1.617). This has been split. Only B.1.617.1 with E484Q is a Variant under Investigation.
Variants of Concern remain
B.1.1.7 (UK/Kent)
B.1.351 (South Africa)
P.1 (Manaus)
B.1.1.7 with E484K
Several other variants are being monitored.
This is PHE's chart of variant prevalence. As you can see, B.1.1.7 (Kent variant) dominates (purple)
The latest @PHE_UK variant data has been published for the UK. First, the heatmap of new cases.
Significantly:
P1 (Manaus) has increased from 40 to 60 total cases
B.1.617 (India) has increased from 77 to 132 total cases.
B.1.351 (SA) has increased from 600 to 670 total cases
Here is my Covid variants cumulative chart (excluding UK variant).
Here are my heatmaps for detected cases, hospitalizations, vaccines, and variants. Data released 22 April 2021 for cases to 18 April 2021 apart from variants (data to 21 April 2021).
DETECTED CASES
Falling in all age groups. A very good sign. Cases will not yet have been detected as a result of Step 2 (open air pubs etc.)
Vaccination progress is excellent - but it's worth noting there are disparities. It was good to hear in yesterday's Number 10 press conference that some of these disparities are being reduced.
Let's look at the most recent data (published 14 April, for vaccinations to 7 April)
The first disparity is age. But this is due to prioritization based on risk and makes sense.
Here are my updated charts which now highlight the B.1.617 Variant under Investigation (first detected in India) in blue
You can see the 77 cases reported this week as the light blue line
It is not clear from this 'initial report' whether all these cases were detected this week
Here's the same data on a logarithmic scale including B.1.1.7 (Kent)
It is clear that the number of B.1.617 (Variant under Investigation) first detected in India) is of significance.
Further work will be going on by experts at @PHE_uk to determine how significant.
The Roadmap fourth test that 'our assessment of the risks is not fundamentally changed by new Variants of Concern'.
It is worth remembering that even though the vaccination rollout is going extremely well, not everyone is vaccinated and vaccines are not 100% effective.