1/ COVID-19 has "anisotropic" infection:
Despite 100 times LOWER dose, monkeys infected by SARS-CoV-2 thru aerosols developed MORE SEVERE respiratory disease and lung pathology (vs. nose/trachea)
Preprint from US Army Infectious Diseases Research Inst: biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
Despite 100 times LOWER dose, monkeys infected by SARS-CoV-2 thru aerosols developed MORE SEVERE respiratory disease and lung pathology (vs. nose/trachea)
Preprint from US Army Infectious Diseases Research Inst: biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
2/ This further argues for the importance of aerosols over large droplets, adding an 11th reason to the 10 that we summarized in our recent @TheLancet paper (thelancet.com/journals/lance…)
A step-by-step explanation in this thread:
A step-by-step explanation in this thread:
https://twitter.com/jljcolorado/status/1383566908797059078
3/ Note that this has been demonstrated for other diseases such as the flu, for which the intranasal dose needs to be 100000 (one hundred thousand) times larger to lead to the same symptoms, compared to aerosol infection. See:
journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.318…
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.100…
journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.318…
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.100…
4/ Smallpox was also an anisotropic infection.
@Don_Milton (in paper below): "Smallpox appears to have been most effectively and virulently transmitted by fine particle aerosols"
frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
@Don_Milton (in paper below): "Smallpox appears to have been most effectively and virulently transmitted by fine particle aerosols"
frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
6/ Update: it turns out that there are 2 other papers that support anisotropic infection for COVID, favoring aerosols:
"Importantly, fever, which represents a prominent human disease sign and which was consistently noted for CM [monkeys] on the present study, was not noted...
"Importantly, fever, which represents a prominent human disease sign and which was consistently noted for CM [monkeys] on the present study, was not noted...
7/ "... for any CMs on these prior studies. In addition, many of the other clinical signs of disease observed in the present study for CM were not reported for the prior studies [using intranasal inoculation - similar to droplets]. Therefore, using an airborne transmission..."
8/ "...route, we were able to generate a model of COVID-19 in CM that was more representative of human disease compared to prior work utilizing this species."
From this preprint: biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
HT Prof. Raymond Tellier of McGill Univ.
From this preprint: biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
HT Prof. Raymond Tellier of McGill Univ.
9/ And another preprint w/ hamsters:
"Despite a 10-fold lower inoculation dose, exposing Syrian hamsters to aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 resulted in more rapid virus replication in the lung and weight loss compared to I.N. [intranasal, similar to large droplets] inoculation..."
"Despite a 10-fold lower inoculation dose, exposing Syrian hamsters to aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 resulted in more rapid virus replication in the lung and weight loss compared to I.N. [intranasal, similar to large droplets] inoculation..."
10/ "In contrast, fomite inoculation displayed a delayed disease manifestation with a prolonged time between exposure and viral replication in the lung leading to reduced disease severity. "
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
11/ Summary: aerosols strongly favored bc
- Droplets: 1 shot at impact / Aerosols: float w/ many chances for inhalation: sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
- Pathogens quantified always more concentrated in aerosols: thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
- Aerosols infective at lower dose (this thread)
- Droplets: 1 shot at impact / Aerosols: float w/ many chances for inhalation: sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
- Pathogens quantified always more concentrated in aerosols: thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
- Aerosols infective at lower dose (this thread)
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