I want some alum-tawed thongs for a bookbinding project. Does a search on the internet help? It does not (unless I want a whole animal skin for £££). But I DO have a sheep skin that I salted from last year. So I’m going to make my own #teachingmanuscripts
I cut off some strips from the bottom of the skin and give it a bit of a haircut
I need to rinse all the salt out first in water. I got this skin last October and salted it straight away. It’s been stored all winter in an airtight container, and it looks pretty good 👍
Once the salt is all rinsed off, the fluffy wig goes in the lime bath. This will break down the hair so that it slips off easily. I’ll stir a few times a day
You might think this is disgusting but it’s actually very satisfying. The lime is starting to work and the hair pulls out easily from the skin
Peeling off all the wool (I SHOULD NOT be doing this with bare hands). You can also hear nice birdsong and a conversation with Gabriel
I just want to clarify that I am not referring to myself in that video as Gabriel’s mummy - I am referring to his real life cat mummy
Then the lime needs to be washed off and any extraneous matter scraped off
I’m not going to talk about this next stage. Suffice to say I have been to the depths of hell. We shall never mention the contents of this orange bucket
The act of unspeakableness is over. Now the skin needs to be 'drenched' in bran with warm water for 18 - 24 hours
So something interesting (bad) happened. Because I did not want to go near the bucket of filth in the previous step, I left the strips in there for about 24 hours, rather than getting in the bucket and treading it for a few hours, which is the traditional method
Left to their own devices the enzymes did too good a job of breaking down the fibres and the whole skin started to disintegrate. While it in was the bran mix, I could actually pull it apart. So I started again - but this time,for the sake of my mental health, I used chicken waste
Luckily, @MaureenSams has the finest chickens known to humanity and supplied me with a nice bucket of fresh chicken droppings
So if there’s one piece of advice I can give you, should you decide to make alum tawed leather the medieval way (and for god’s sake, why would you) - use chicken droppings. It’s a positively fragrant experience compared to the other alternative
Anyway - I swished it about for about an hour, then soaked it in the bran for day. It was very soft, but still strong. Next, time to mix the alum solution. Alum, salt, egg yolk, flour and water
I’m going to leave it in here for a few days. After an hour or so, the skin started to feel harder, which feels counter-intuitive after going through the steps to soften it, but that’s what it’s supposed to do
It’s been soaking for a week now, so I’ve taken the skin out and suspended it in a very sinister fashion to
a) deter burglars
and
b) air dry
It should get very tough and inflexible during the drying process, and then will need to be ‘staked’ to resoften it
It's been drying for just over a week now, and it's quite tough - but becomes much more flexible with a bit of manipulation. I'll probably leave it for a few more days and then try to soften it
So as you can see, once it’s dried out it’s quite stiff, but after a lot of stretching and pulling it softened up nicely. It smelt very strongly of roast lamb 😕
Tyrian (or imperial) purple was by far the most superior colour in the ancient and medieval world, but is very expensive. Mohammed Ghassen Nouira makes Tyrian purple using traditional Phoenician methods, with fantastic results. I hope to work with him soon facebook.com/Pourpre-de-Car…
Orchil purple, obtained from lichens, was a cheaper alternative, and probably used in the Book of Kells. However, it is hard to source and ecologically unwise to do so. Isabella Whitworth has done a lot of work on dyeing textiles with orchil isabellawhitworth.com/2013/09/17/tal…
It’s time for more #medievalstuffwithcats! I made this zodiac illumination. If you want to know a bit more about the process, read on…
The zodiac roundels come from the calendar in British Library, Royal MS 1 D X bl.uk/manuscripts/Vi… (note that some of the roundels are not exactly round)
I decided to do this illumination because I want to start working on larger pieces of parchment. I used 8” x 10” (a bit smaller than A4). This feels like a decent size for a folio, although if we were working in a scriptorium this would be double the size and folded in the centre
2. Quills were probably used before this - but the earliest reference to them is by Isidore of Seville, from his Etymology in the 7th century. Here he is in the Aberdeen Bestiary, writing with a (surprise!) quill abdn.ac.uk/bestiary/ms24/…
3. In book 6.14.3 of his Etymology he writes - Instrumenta scribae calamus et pinna (the scribe’s tools are the reed-pen and the quill). This 12thC copy is a particularly #nuntastic example, written by 8 female scribes from Abbey of Munsterbilsen (BL, Harley MS 3099, ff.1v,45r-v)
It’s from Theophilus’s De diversis artibus, compiled c.1125. This is before gesso was being used, as it instructs to take the clear part of the beaten egg white, and paint it on to the manuscript where the gold is to be applied
The best bit is this:
et hora oportet te a vento cavere, et ab halitu continere, quia si flaveris, petulam perdes et difficile reperies -
Gesso is the sticky stuff that medieval illuminators used to attach the gold leaf to the parchment. Originally, egg glair or gum arabic was used, which was fine, but very flat. By 13th C, a new chalky mixture was used, raising the gold off the page (BL, Royal MS 1 D X, fol. 3v)
In these images, you can see where gesso has been applied but no gold leaf (fol. 54v), and also where the gold leaf has flaked off to reveal the gesso underneath (fol. 30v) - BL, Add MS 42555 bl.uk/manuscripts/Vi…