UK hit trade topic today: #TariffQuotas/#TariffRateQuotas

What are they?

One way to compromise between high protective tariffs and market access
⬇️
Low or zero duty for limited quantities (quotas). Beyond that high tariffs kick in—not “phased in” @nicholaswatt @BBCr4today

1/6
That way the two tariff levels allow some market access but keep it limited so some protection remains for local producers

It’s not the only way to compromise. Another: set a medium-level tariff for all imports of that product. But quantities would depend on supply & demand

2/6
Advantage of a tariff quota: the limit of low/zero duty imports is known. With a medium tariff it is not known.

Disadvantages: complexity in the way the govt hands out the quota among importers, and “quota rent”—benefits, sometimes huge, to those with a share of the quota

3/6
Those screenshots come from this primer on tariff quotas

“In other words the tariff quota is a limit on the quantity eligible for lower duty”

4/6 tradebetablog.wordpress.com/2018/09/08/beg…
This week, the discussion is about using them in a UK-Australia trade deal

They cropped up before, when other countries objected in the WTO to proposed UK and EU27 market access commitments after Brexit—extracting UK portions from EU28 quotas

5/6 tradebetablog.wordpress.com/2018/09/12/hap…
By the way, where are those talks on quotas with others in WTO?

The EU says: talking to 21, settled with 8 (some changes from proposed quotas)—Cuba, Norway, Thailand, Indonesia, Australia, Pakistan, Argentina, US

No such transparency from the UK😢

6/6 tradebetablog.wordpress.com/technical-note…
P.S. See @SamuelMarcLowe’s brief comment on the impact in broader terms at the beginning of this

PPS. And here's @DmitryOpines

(On tweet 9, I'd add that in CPTPP, five countries have tariff quotas: Canada, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico and Vietnam. So there is a precedent for being in the CPTPP and having tariff quotas)

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More from @CoppetainPU

17 May
TRADE GEEK CORNER

Brazil has 2 new papers on domestic support in the WTO agriculture talks, analysis rather than proposals.

1. The exemption for developing countries allowing unlimited investment and input support even if trade-distorting (Art6.2)

1/4

docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/S…
Among the paper's observations:

—only some developing countries use this exception (Art6.2), some a lot (eg India, Indonesia, not named in the paper)

—some exception continue to be needed to help poor farmers but not as an excuse to support "highly exported products"

2/4
2. Blue Box (Art6.5) ie trade-distorting support but with production limits, so currently allowed in unlimited amounts

Brazil says Blue Box should be negotiated too

The paper says only 5 countries are using this type of support; "A, B, C, D, and E"

3/4

docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/S…
Read 4 tweets
15 May
COVID-19 IN SWITZERLAND. Week to 15.05.2021—down

May 26: decision, more easing end-May?

Per 100K pop, total & last 2 wks
● cases—7860 & 217 (⬇️)
● in hospital—326 & 6 (⬇️)
● deaths—118 & 0.9 (⬇️)

R(e): up—0.87
Vaccs: 3.5m (1.2m 2nd doses)

FOPH covid19.admin.ch/en/overview?ov…

1/11 Screenshot of box on lab-co...Screenshot of box on lab-co...Screenshot of box on lab-co...Screenshot of box on reprod...
AND FOR THE PAST FORTNIGHT, R(e) since Sep28

covid19.admin.ch/en/overview

2/11 Screenshot of box on lab-co...Screenshot of box on lab-co...Screenshot of box on lab-co...Screenshot of Reproductive ...
VIRUS VARIANTS detected

UK variant estimated 95%

Public Health Office: covid19.admin.ch/en/epidemiolog…
Science Task Force: sciencetaskforce.ch/en/nextstrain-…

3/11 Screenshot of list of varia...Screenshot of graph of esti...Screenshot: Task Force grap...
Read 11 tweets
12 May
One to watch with (some) implications for the controversial WTO #Covid19Waiver on intellectual property protection.

Bolivia wants to import a generic version of the J&J COVID-19 #vaccine made under “compulsory” licence By @BiolysePharma in Canada

1/17

globalnews.ca/news/7851500/b…
This may test the claim by #Covid19Waiver supporters that this route is too cumbersome

Under WTO rules, @BiolysePharma first had to try to get a voluntary licence from J&J to produce the vaccine. It tried in March and was rejected.

2/17

healthpolicy-watch.news/company-pushes…
Although the objective is to get a cheaper generic version of the vaccine to a developing country—Bolivia—a lot the focus will be on Canada.

Ottawa has to issue a compulsory licence to export, which has special rules. So far, no news on that

3/17

globalnews.ca/news/7851500/b… Image
Read 18 tweets
8 May
COVID-19 IN SWITZERLAND. Week to 08.05.2021—slight improvement

Last easing Apr 19

Per 100K pop, total & last 2 wks
● cases—7757 & 267 (⬆️)
● in hospital—321 & 8 (⬇️)
● deaths—117 & 1.2 (⬆️)

R(e): down—0.85
Vaccinations: 3m (1m 2nd doses)

FOPH covid19.admin.ch/en/overview?ov…

1/10 Screenshot of box on lab-co...Screenshot of box on lab-co...Screenshot of box on lab-co...Screenshot of box on reprod...
AND FOR THE PAST FORTNIGHT, R(e) since Sep28

covid19.admin.ch/en/overview

Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna mRNA vaccinations ongoing. J&J approved, not ordered. Supply picking up. Not yet approved: AstraZeneca, Curevac and Novavax. Switzerland has ordered over 30m doses for 8m people

2/10 Screenshot of box on lab-co...Screenshot of box on lab-co...Screenshot of box on lab-co...Screenshot of Reproductive ...
VIRUS VARIANTS detected

UK variant dominant

Public Health Office: covid19.admin.ch/en/epidemiolog…
Science Task Force: sciencetaskforce.ch/en/nextstrain-…

3/10 Screenshot of list of varia...Screenshot of graph of esti...
Read 10 tweets
5 May
Notes:

1. Tai supports the waiver for COVID-19 *vaccines*. The waiver proposal is for all products related to the pandemic: medicines, testing kits, PPE, ventilators, etc

2. She anticipates a long negotiation, suggesting the US *might* be seeking constraints or conditions
3. The proposed waiver is not only for patents, which already have flexibilities such as compulsory licensing, but also three other areas, which don't—copyright, industrial designs and trade secrets.

It will be interesting to see if the US accepts waiving all four areas
Read 7 tweets
4 May
Thanks, but I have reservations.

I'm happy to read about where policies might be going wrong, to discuss whether the characterisation of the ideologies behind trade liberalisation are correct.

But is the WTO is only of that ideology? The leap to "WTO reform" is illogical

1/5
1. It's false to assume that "rules-based" (p8) means the same as "liberalisation". You can have "rules-based" trade barriers and indeed the WTO agreements allow for many. Some argue that having predictable rules is more valuable than lowering tariffs that are already low.

2/5
2. Which highlights the fact that WTO agreements—the outcome of negotiations—are a compromise between different interests and different ideologies. The WTO system does not come from just one ideology.

That makes the paper's notion of "WTO reform" quite off target.

3/5
Read 5 tweets

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