Vana T. Profile picture
9 Jul, 22 tweets, 6 min read
1⃣Nothing is more important to🇪🇬than the #Nile, which runs through the nation’s history & economy. The Nile is fed by two main tributaries, the White and the Blue Nile which meet at Khartoum,🇸🇩. The Blue Nile, originating in Lake Tana in🇪🇹, is the source of most of Egypt's water.
2⃣It has been more than 10 years since Ethiopia announced to build Africa’s largest hydroelectric dam on the Blue Nile. Since then, the prospect has loomed as an existential threat over Egypt.
3⃣Was the GERD a good idea? Possibly not.
Egypt’s Nile Delta, approximately 1m. above sea level, is already slowly sinking, thanks in part to the tectonic plates but also to a reduction in the amount of sediment being deposited in the delta (possibly due to Aswan High Dam too).
4⃣But recent studies predict this problem will be “seriously exacerbated” by the operation of the GERD.
Lacking agreement with Ethiopia over the operation of the GERD, Sudan is also concerned about the impact on its hydroelectric Roseires Dam.
5⃣Sudan would also pay a high price were the dam to suffer a catastrophic failure-a possibility that has been raised in several academic papers. One recent study by Egyptian civil & water engineers highlighted “the high risk of soil instability” in the area of the GERD site,
6⃣which is “located on one of the major tectonic plates and faults in the world.” Around that fault, about 16 earthquakes with a magnitude of 6.5 or higher occurred in Ethiopia during the 20th century.
7⃣Another 250 klm downstream from the Roseires Dam is Sudan’s Sennar Dam. The Egyptian study predicts that, in a breach of the GERD, the resulting flood would swamp the Sennar Dam and inundate land for hundreds of klm, as far as Khartoum.
8⃣Now the GERD is a reality.
9⃣
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1⃣4⃣Ethiopia wants to begin the filling of the reservoir. When full, the reservoir will hold 74billion m3 of water almost 1/2 as much as the 55billion m3 Egypt gets in a year.
But without a binding agreement the danger is certain.
1⃣5⃣Fill it too quickly, and Egypt will be deprived of water, devastating its agricultural sector and disrupting its economy, leaving its people short of food and throwing millions out of work.
1⃣6⃣If the level of water in Lake Nasser drops significantly, the amount of electricity generated in the Aswan High Dam will be dramatically reduced. Egypt says that Ethiopia should take at least 12y-20y to fill the reservoir depending on the amount of annual rainfall.
1⃣7⃣What can Egypt do?
Scientists at the Zagagig University in the paper "Managing Risks of the GERD on Egypt" proposed strategies for Egypt to offset the risks posted by the GERD, for saving of 40bill. m3 of water.
1⃣8⃣But even if these strategies have the potential to help Egypt, the impact of the GERD without a binding agreement between the 3 countries will be serious, especially during years of drought.
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More from @VanaT66

8 Jul
#Iran 🤝 #Taliban. New Horizons
1⃣Iran's regime has overturned its hostility to the Taliban and may welcome the "enemies of America" as Kabul's new masters. Turkey & Pakistan are also accused by Afghan politicians for weaponizing the Taliban.
2⃣After the US toppled the Taliban in 2001, the Iranian Supreme Leader not only sheltered them but is now veering toward closer ties with them. Ali Shamkhani, senior security official, has praised their leaders for their resolve in fighting the Americans.
worldcrunch.com/world-affairs/…
3⃣According to U.S. State Department documents, many Taliban and al-Qaeda leaders have been living in Iran. And the Revolutionary guards would have no qualms about using them to crush domestic protests in Iran.
Read 4 tweets
7 Jul
Kanal Istanbul. An environmental catastrophe that affects us all. Erdoğan’s dream of magnificence is poised to become a nightmare.

Negative factors listed by Prof. C.Saydam of Hacettepe University and Prof. E.Gönenç of Istanbul Technical University
A thread🧵 Image
1⃣The hydrologic balance will be reversed between, the cold and fresh waters of the Black Sea and the warm and salty waters flowing from the Mediterranean across the Sea of Marmara into the Black Sea.
2⃣Although the Black Sea’s level is 30cm higher than the Marmara there is a 2way stream through the Bosporus Straits. The 1way flow of the new channel will force the Black Sea to constantly supply fresh water to the Marmara without being supplied with salty waters from Marmara.
Read 7 tweets
14 Apr
#μειονότητα
1⃣Οι #Αφροέλληνες της μουσουλμανικής μειονότητας
Σε χωριά της Ξάνθης και ειδικά στο Άβατο, ζει μια φυλή περίπου χιλίων ατόμων με σκούρο δέρμα, μιλούν άπταιστα ελληνικά και αυτοπροσδιορίζονται ως Έλληνες
greekcitytimes.com/2021/02/10/ava…
2⃣Οι πρόγονοι των «Αφροελλήνων» κατά πάσα πιθανότητα ήταν σκλάβοι από το Σουδάν που έφερε μαζί του ο Ιμπραήμ πασάς. Άλλωστε η Οθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία ήταν ένας από τους κύριους πελάτες σκλάβων.
protothema.gr/stories/articl…
3⃣Μετά την καταστροφή της Σμύρνης, όταν η Ελλάδα και η Τουρκία υπέγραψαν τη Συνθήκη της Λωζάνης και αντάλλαξαν πληθυσμούς, οι Αφρικανοί της Θράκης επέλεξαν να μην πάνε στην Τουρκία, παρόλο που ήταν Σουνίτες Μουσουλμάνοι.
Read 5 tweets
14 Apr
#μειονότητα
Οι #Αλεβίτες Μουσουλμάνοι της Θράκης
1⃣Ο πρώτος ευκτήριος οίκος Αλεβιτών στην Ελλάδα πήρε άδεια λειτουργίας προ ημερών. Οι #Αλεβίτες, περίπου 3.000, κατοικούν κυρίως στα ορεινά χωριά της Θράκης. Ο υφυπουργός Παιδείας Α. Συρίγος είπε:
kathimerini.gr/society/561329…
2⃣«Οι Αλεβίτες διαθέτουν χώρους προσευχής στην περιοχή όπως είναι το τέμενος της Ρούσσας, αλλά τους είχε υφαρπάξει το σουνιτικό Ισλάμ». Οι Αλεβίτες αποτελούν θρησκευτική μουσουλμανική μειονότητα και έχουν ισχυρές διαφορές με τους σουνίτες και τους σιίτες.
3⃣Στους Αλεβίτες η γυναίκα έχει ισότιμη σχέση με τον άνδρα, είναι θεσμοθετημένη η μονογαμία, ενώ καταναλώνουν οινοπνευματώδη ποτά στην καθημερινότητά τους, πράγμα απαγορευμένο για τους περισσότερους άλλους μουσουλμάνους.
Read 7 tweets
8 Apr
1⃣Συνάντηση Έλληνα πρωθυπουργού με τον πρωθυπουργό της προσωρινής κυβέρνησης της Λιβύης
Τοποθετούμαι εξαρχής για την συνάντηση. Συμφωνώ με τον @PlakoudasSpyros ότι είναι scramble for influence και όχι mission impossible. Σίγουρα πάντως όχι αποτυχημένη.
2⃣Ας ξεκινήσουμε με κάποιες παραδοχές
α. Η προσωρινή κυβέρνηση της 🇱🇾 νομιμοποιήθηκε από τη διεθνή κοινότητα και εσωτερικές δυνάμεις.
β. Θα προσπαθήσει να επηρεάσει το μετεκλογικό τοπίο και οι εκλογές δεν είναι δεδομένες αν δεν διασφαλιστεί η σταθερότητα
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3⃣γ. Η Λιβύη βρίσκεται γεωγραφικά&στρατηγικά εντός πεδίων συμφερόντων αραβικών, ευρωπαϊκών χωρών και της Ελλάδας.
δ. Η Τουρκία δεν επιβλήθηκε στη Λιβύη, κλήθηκε από τη μουσουλμ.αδελφότητα και τους Ισλαμιστές της Τρίπολης&Μισράτα και εδραιώθηκε στρατιωτικά
Read 24 tweets
13 Feb
#HouthisTerroristGroup
1⃣The Houthis terrorists attack on the education sector. Their ideology is not accepted by the young Yemenis, and the Houthis target schools and universities to change the identity of the curriculums and replace them with their sectarian ideology and goals.
2⃣In addition the links between the Houthis and the #Hezbollah in Lebanon are striking. Hezbollah supports the Houthis in the media platforms and the Houthis divert the humanitarian aid they get for the people of Yemen to Hezbollah.
3⃣The #UN welcomed Bidens' decision, with the excuse that it will put an end in the humanitarian crisis. But how can UN persuade us for its good intentions, when a Hezbollah officer who works for the UN is in the discussions for the crisis in Yemen?
Read 6 tweets

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