Soo NEJM has an educational COVID critical care “game.” Obviously I had to play on expert.

First off let’s talk about the name: Bagel Mage?!?

I’m not one to criticize - my name is just two synonymous verbs - but Bagel Mage 🥯 🧙‍♀️ sounds like the lamest D&D character ever.

1/
Bagel’s hypotensive with sats in the mid 80s, better do a quick assessment & start someO2.

“May I ask about your goals in the event of a cardiac or respiratory arrest?”
- maybe the worst possible way to ask this but here it goes…

…Ok I guess he’s an everything bagel.
2/
No POCUS - guess I’ll do an exam & order some tests: ABG, basic labs, procalcitonin, CXR, some cultures, & a COVID test (you know “trust but verify”)

While I’m waiting I’ll order APAP, HFNC

Ugh oh. I guess im trouble for not coding enough. Damn this simulation is realistic!
3/
Ok - I entered some ICD9 codes to get that admin off my back.

Now they are all friendly (“your expert care is needed”) and I’m allowed get back to patient care.

Start some O2, order some Abx, and fire off a CXR & some labs…
4/
Bad news: bilateral opacities on radiograph, he’s blowing off a lot of CO2 to protect oxygenation, and he’s COVID positive!

Better start some therapeutics. Ivermectin isn’t on formulary so I’ll stick to stuff that actually works: corticosteroids.
5/
Ok I must have done something right: “Probability of a Good Outcome” just went from 0.00 to 0.36

Also, why is an anesthesiology ventilator just hanging out next to the bed in the ICU? Awkward.
6/
No time to ponder the weird game artwork. This is getting serious!

“Doctor, Bagel Mage isn’t doing well”

7/
More results back: 🧪 procal +, 🧫 growing staphylococcus aureus on blood cultures. Definitely no tocilizumab… good thing I already started Abx.

Getting nervous about that rising respiratory rate…
8/
Time for some awake proning!

9/
Uh oh I’m in trouble again - “a gentle and friendly reminder” in hospital admin parlance is serious!

I need to update my differential and do more documentation. Press Ganey scores are on the line!!!

10/
Let’s reassess. We’ve tried HFNC, prone positioning, steroids, and antibiotics. Vitals and ABG look worse.

I ask a Bagel how he’s doing and he says “Bad”.

We could try NIPPV but I don’t think there is a quickly reversible cause here. Time to intubate.
11/
I tried hard to avoid intubation but ultimately it was necessary. Now Bagel is comfortably sedated on propofol and synchronous with the vent.

At least “Probability of a good outcome” is going up…
12/
I guess his nurse doesn’t agree that he’s doing better.

“Have you considered…” consulting a better doctor? Ouch.

She’s right though. All hands on deck for Bagel. Let’s see what our esteemed consultants have to say…

13/
Ok so my trusty ID consult has like 15 NEJM papers for me to consider reading…Um Thanks?

14/
Let’s try consulting pulm.

He’s just dying to tell me about the ARDSnet trial. That will make my next choice easier.

15/
Sent a CRP, D-Dimer, & ferritin to keep my consultants happy. Perhaps a fecal occult blood test to go with that?

Clinically we’re stabilized: vented on LPV, Proned, on neuromuscular blockers (I don’t like to say “paralyzed” because it sounds scary to families), inhaled EPO
16/
Speaking of stabilized - this game is super unstable running on Safari/iOS. It keeps reloading randomly.

I keep saving Bagel but then the game crashes and I have to start over…ugh
17/
The game keeps crashing & restarting. I should just do this in chrome but I’m too stubborn.

This causality loop is starting to make me go a little crazy & think insane “what if”thoughts. Should I use NS instead of LR? Dopamine instead of norepinephrine? (Like I said crazy😜)
18/
OK managed to get the game working properly in Chrome...

In fairness to NEJM, they do warn you about these stability issues in the directions.

The are also very clear that Bagel Mage is not based on any real life Bagels. They really don't want to get sued by a litigious 🥯
19/
Anyway back to the case -

Bagel seems to be oxygenating better but I'm nervous about his hypotension. It would be great to have POCUS but i'll just cast a broad net...

Oh no. Bagel's troponin in 78 (nl <0.04) and his ECG doesn't look good!
20/
Looks like a STEMI: Time for ASA, a heparin gtt, STAT echo & an urgent call to (another) consultant: interventional cards!

This consultant is all business - no NEJM papers to read - she just PCI's the left main & drops the mic. The before after angiogram speaks for itself.
21/
Starting to feel good about this. Bagel is sick but the "probability of a good outcome" meter thinks he's gonna make it.

Hospital admin thinks so too & says "we could use another bed"

If STEMI+ARDS+COVID doesn't merit an ICU bed in this (fictional) universe, what does?
22/
I guess my only choice in response to the hospital admin was "Got it!" (I must be on the fast track to promotion)

Now I get to make another high stakes decision:
- go to call room
- finish the shift
- start the day over again (another Groundhog day?)

Weird ending but OK...
23/
OK well that was interesting... this game was hokey but honestly it was also kinda enjoyable, in spite of all the crashes.

Hope you've enjoyed this weird rambling 🧵. If you want to save Bagel yourself, you can check out the NEJM site:
covid19rx.nejm.org/landing/index.…
24/24

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More from @nickmmark

25 Jul
Pre-print of the #COVIDSTEROID2 RCT comparing dexamethasone 6mg vs 12mg in hospitalized patients on high flow O2 or MV:
- no difference in survival or days free of MV with higher dose dex but…
- interesting “trend towards benefit” w/ higher dose dex
📄medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1/ ImageImageImageImage
🔑 Question: we know from #RECOVERY that steroids are beneficial in severe COVID, but what’s the ideal dose?

#COVIDSTEROID2 was a large DB multi center RCT to answer this. It randomized patients on high flow O2 or MV to either 6mg or 12mg of dexamethasone for up to 10 days.
2/ ImageImageImageImage
The 1° endpoint was days alive free of lifesupport (MV, ECMO, RRT). 2° endpoints included 28 day mortality.

Based on prior studies, they powered for a 15% relative mortality reduction (ARR ~4.5%) combined w/ a 10% reduction in life support duration.

This is pretty ambitious.
3/ ImageImage
Read 13 tweets
7 Jun
#ACTION RCT results just published @TheLancet: Another negative study of therapeutic #anticoagulantion (TA) in hospitalized people w/ COVID19:
- TA w/ rivaroxaban didn’t improve survival (or *any* endpoint) vs prophylaxis
- more bleeding with TA
1/
thelancet.com/journals/lance…
The AntiCoagulaTlon cOroNavirus (ACTION) trial was a pragmatic open label RCT at 31 hospitals in 🇧🇷.

It enrolled hospitalized patients with COVID19 & an elevated D-dimer & randomized to TA vs prophylactic anticoagulation (PA).

Aside: not sure how I feel about that acronym...
2/
The intervention was TA with either a DOAC (rivaroxaban) if stable or LMWH (enoxaparin 1mg/kg BID) if unstable vs standard of care prophylaxis (UFH or LMWH).

Crossovers were allowed (eg if someone in the PA developed VTE). They adjusted dosing for renal function.

3/
Read 12 tweets
24 May
Ivermectin proponents point to in vitro studies as proof of efficacy

One problem: the dose required in vitro (IC50) to inhibit #COVID is 30-90x higher than the plasma or tissue levels (Cmax) achieved with a standard 12mg IVM dose

A 🧵 explaining & debunking this myth
1/
First some definitions:
- Cmax is the maximum concentration achieved after a medication is given; it is usually measured in healthy people
- IC50 is the concentration of a drug necessary to inhibit a particular enzyme or process by 50%; it is measured in vitro.

2/
Since the pandemic began, many studies looked at repurposing FDA approved drugs to treat COVID

Literally dozens of candidate drugs have been found that inhibit viral replication in vitro

One of these candidates is ivermectin

But as we will see the devil is in the details...
3/ From https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.20.9997https://storage.googleapis.com/plos-corpus-prod/10.1371/jour
Read 12 tweets
14 May
People are citing reports of declining #COVID cases or deaths after mass #ivermectin distribution.
This is the scientific equivalent of “the rain stopped after I bought an umbrella.”
A short thread about why these “studies” are NOT very compelling.
1/
As cases rise, schools & businesses close, people stay home, nursing homes restrict visitors, masks are mandated, etc

A few desperate governments worldwide distributed ivermectin too

In an uncontrolled situation, why should ivermectin get “credit” for reducing cases/deaths?
2/
This is a classic POST HOC ERGO PROPTER HOC ("after this therefore because of this") fallacy.

Ivermectin distribution is usually a last-ditch effort, like buying an umbrella as you are getting soaked.

But the natural history of pandemics is to peak, then decrease.
3/
Read 8 tweets
8 May
A few years ago I wrote about the problem with vitamin C in sepsis.

It’s not that vitamin C is harmful (it probably isn’t) or that it’s ineffective (it almost certainly is) but that embracing pseudoscience undermines evidence based practice.

1/
pulmccm.org/critical-care-…
It took a half dozen high quality RCTs to refute one uncontrolled study of 47 people.


Most have given up on the “metabolic cure for sepsis” (with notable exceptions).

Why are “simple, cheap” therapies so alluring? and what can we learn about COVID?
2/
These pseudoscientific “miracle cures” exploit our desire to help our patients and appeal to several common cognitive biases and delusions.

🚩 Let’s run through some of the red flags of miracle cures:
3/
Read 16 tweets
19 Mar
#INSPIRATION RCT comparing intermediate vs standard dose DVT prophylaxis, just published @jama:
-no benefit to additional anticoag in ICU patients w/ #COVID19:no reduction in mortality, MV, LOS or any 2° endpoint
-time to rethink COVID #anticoagulation?
1/
bit.ly/3vCluqK ImageImageImageImage
INSPIRATION was a 10 site open-label RCT in 🇮🇷 comparing intermediate vs standard dose prophylaxis in ICU patients with PCR-confirmed #COVID19.

LMWH was the primary intervention (~40 mg vs 1mg/kg daily), dosed appropriately for weight; UFH was used if the GFR was too low.
2/
Overall the groups were balanced (total n=562) & were fairly representative of US ICU cohorts with COVID19.

The use of HFNC was very low (~3%) compared to in the US, which may reflect different practice patterns/availability.

Most patients (>90%) received corticosteroids
3/ Image
Read 9 tweets

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