Only at full speed does one of these units provide 2 ACH in a 750 sqft classroom with 10' ceiling height, at 65 dB(A) noise.
Min ventilation code 2.7 ACH for ages 5-8.
So for a non-mechanically ventilated classroom need another unit to achieve bare minimum. @caryn_lieberman
That particular classroom also had a unit ventilator, so it likely has adequate ventilation. ASHRAE has provided sample calculations including sizing supplemental filtration:
Boards should engage with professional engineers for these important calculations, as the Ontario Association of Professional Engineers @OSPE_CEO is requesting: ospe.on.ca/advocacy/engin…
And a reminder that U of T and Brock U are both targeting 6 eACH combination between ventilation and filtration for the fall.
ProTip!
Instead of trying to calculate air change rates, ASHRAE 62.1 for ventilation is essentially 15 CFM per person in a classroom, and pandemic level should be ~double that, 30 CFM per person. For typical classrooms this is roughly 3 ACH & 6 ACH, respectively.
Arg! Ontario SOCIETY of Professional Engineers, not Association.
History: 30 CFM per person has long been a standard for mechanically ventilated schools. Those with natural ventilation were typically less.
The oil shocks of 70's & 80's resulted in ventilation rates that were too low, leading to sick building syndrome.
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1/ #ONTed, Memo B14 says for non-mechanically ventilated classrooms, must size portable HEPA units & consider noise.
For equity with their mechanically ventilated counterparts, typical elementary classroom during instruction should add 400 CFM CADR & under 50 dB(A) total.
2/ A new portable classroom or newer school (~20-25 years) will have *more* than this minimum ventilation capability, AND lower noise, AND *additional* built-in filtration (like MERV-13 filters) So, this is an entirely realistic goal, that still doesn't fully achieve equity.
3/ The Ministry recognizes the higher risk in unmasked (kindergarten) situations. To address elementary unmasked time (lunch!) in non-mechanically ventilated classrooms, capability should be double, so up to 800 CFM CADR, with *total* room noise under occupational safety limit.
JULY 26, 2021—Ontario Society of Professional Engineers @O_S_P_E calls upon @sflecce & @ONgov to immediately consult with subject matter experts and address #airborne transmission in schools before more outbreaks occur: ospe.on.ca/advocacy/engin… /1
"Engineers know if we are going to combat the Delta and future variants and a potential fourth wave, the need for proper ventilation and filtration of indoor air is paramount" says @O_S_P_E. /2
"Engineers know that air quality is bigger than COVID-19" says @O_S_P_E.
"The cost of investment is small compared to the benefits we will reap in finance, health and wellness" /3
Ontario Professional Engineers working in building facilities management, especially but not limited to public buildings with known poor ventilation such as schools: ASHRAE unequivocally states #COVIDisAirborne. There is a Duty to Report involving safety. /1
When the reckoning comes regarding failure to prevent #airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Professional Engineers should be on the right side of history. Continue to follow the Professional Practice Guideline. @PEO_HQ@O_S_P_E /2
Engineers need to go on record with their employer when they have identified a safety concern. They may have limited options to affect change, but they do have a duty to report it up the chain of responsibility. Write that memo. Come away with a clear conscious. /3
1/ Oh hai Clinical Excellence Commission @NSWCEC. Looks like you wrote an IPAC Manual for Quarantine Hotels recommending air pressure differential limits without considering the implications. Would you like some assistance with that? THREAD...
2/ Allow me to introduce you to Bernoulli's Equation as it pertains to flow through an orifice. In this case, under and around a door.
3/ Bernoulli's equation allows us to predict airflow from a pressure difference, and vice-versa. The Florida Energy Center tested various orifices for flow & pressure difference. ba-pirc.org/casestud/retur… Using these results I calculate a Cd of 0.71 for various slots.
1/ Dental office #COVIDCO2. The perfectly operable window is closed. 🤦♂️ THREAD...
2/ At the end of my visit, in a 144 sqft room with 9' ceilings, the hygienist and myself, it reached 1500 ppm. Overall rebreathed fraction of air from others reached 2.8%. The door to the operatory was open 1 inch.
3/ I believe this is the outdoor air intake for the whole building. Located behind two air conditioner outdoor units.
1/ The Delta Fredericton has central corridor air pressurization and shared washroom exhaust. Lower floors may have inadequate pressure allowing air to flow out of suites. Failure of an exhaust fan can lead to direct connection between all suites on same shaft, @ShiftNB
2/ This style of ventilation & exhaust is disproportionally prevalent in Ontario apartment building outbreaks. Before concluding fomite transmission a more detailed analysis by subject matter experts (building science) is required. @DFisman@IPACCanadadocs.google.com/spreadsheets/d…
3/ More detail about the possible mechanisms from building science in this thread: