1/ #ONTed, Memo B14 says for non-mechanically ventilated classrooms, must size portable HEPA units & consider noise.
For equity with their mechanically ventilated counterparts, typical elementary classroom during instruction should add 400 CFM CADR & under 50 dB(A) total.
2/ A new portable classroom or newer school (~20-25 years) will have *more* than this minimum ventilation capability, AND lower noise, AND *additional* built-in filtration (like MERV-13 filters) So, this is an entirely realistic goal, that still doesn't fully achieve equity.
3/ The Ministry recognizes the higher risk in unmasked (kindergarten) situations. To address elementary unmasked time (lunch!) in non-mechanically ventilated classrooms, capability should be double, so up to 800 CFM CADR, with *total* room noise under occupational safety limit.
4/ These recommendations come from ASHRAE Std 62.1 standard for ventilation, and various standards for acoustics as outlined by @ETFOeducators document Noise in Classrooms. etfohealthandsafety.ca/site/noise/
5/ Where does that put us with one of the most common air cleaners on the market?
Austin Air HM400 is nominal 400 CFM *without the filter*, and with the filter provides:
High 250 CFM & 65 dB(A)
Med 125 CFM & 55 dB(A)
Low 40 CFM & under 40 dB(A)
6/ The Austin Air units are good for other contaminants because of the large carbon filter component, as this detailed independent video review covers:
7/ For student equity with their peers blessed with the advantage of a mechanically ventilated classroom WITH additional high-MERV filtration AND extra outdoor air provision, one typical HEPA unit isn't going to cover it for a non-mechanically ventilated classroom.
8/ I'm sure my friend @joshpascoe would be eager to sell more units in Ontario to meet the requirements - run multiple units on lower speed for the noise component, with total capacity for more cleaning power during unmasked activities.
9/ Another example: Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board issued a tender (T2020-102) for industrial air scrubbers with noise on maximum speed of 79 dBA.
10/ So be aware, if sized for absolute minimum equivalency for mechanical ventilation without regard to noise, the total classroom noise may exceed occupational limits.
11/ As the Ministry of Education advises, work with qualified professionals, like Professional Engineers @O_S_P_E and Industrial/Occupational Hygienists who can do the necessary calculations and measurements.
If not, are board staff practicing engineering without a license?
12/ Finally, demand that @fordnation fund proper long-term capital improvements outlasting an election cycle to properly @Fix_Our_Schools!!
Only at full speed does one of these units provide 2 ACH in a 750 sqft classroom with 10' ceiling height, at 65 dB(A) noise.
Min ventilation code 2.7 ACH for ages 5-8.
So for a non-mechanically ventilated classroom need another unit to achieve bare minimum. @caryn_lieberman
That particular classroom also had a unit ventilator, so it likely has adequate ventilation. ASHRAE has provided sample calculations including sizing supplemental filtration:
JULY 26, 2021—Ontario Society of Professional Engineers @O_S_P_E calls upon @sflecce & @ONgov to immediately consult with subject matter experts and address #airborne transmission in schools before more outbreaks occur: ospe.on.ca/advocacy/engin… /1
"Engineers know if we are going to combat the Delta and future variants and a potential fourth wave, the need for proper ventilation and filtration of indoor air is paramount" says @O_S_P_E. /2
"Engineers know that air quality is bigger than COVID-19" says @O_S_P_E.
"The cost of investment is small compared to the benefits we will reap in finance, health and wellness" /3
Ontario Professional Engineers working in building facilities management, especially but not limited to public buildings with known poor ventilation such as schools: ASHRAE unequivocally states #COVIDisAirborne. There is a Duty to Report involving safety. /1
When the reckoning comes regarding failure to prevent #airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Professional Engineers should be on the right side of history. Continue to follow the Professional Practice Guideline. @PEO_HQ@O_S_P_E /2
Engineers need to go on record with their employer when they have identified a safety concern. They may have limited options to affect change, but they do have a duty to report it up the chain of responsibility. Write that memo. Come away with a clear conscious. /3
1/ Oh hai Clinical Excellence Commission @NSWCEC. Looks like you wrote an IPAC Manual for Quarantine Hotels recommending air pressure differential limits without considering the implications. Would you like some assistance with that? THREAD...
2/ Allow me to introduce you to Bernoulli's Equation as it pertains to flow through an orifice. In this case, under and around a door.
3/ Bernoulli's equation allows us to predict airflow from a pressure difference, and vice-versa. The Florida Energy Center tested various orifices for flow & pressure difference. ba-pirc.org/casestud/retur… Using these results I calculate a Cd of 0.71 for various slots.
1/ Dental office #COVIDCO2. The perfectly operable window is closed. 🤦♂️ THREAD...
2/ At the end of my visit, in a 144 sqft room with 9' ceilings, the hygienist and myself, it reached 1500 ppm. Overall rebreathed fraction of air from others reached 2.8%. The door to the operatory was open 1 inch.
3/ I believe this is the outdoor air intake for the whole building. Located behind two air conditioner outdoor units.
1/ The Delta Fredericton has central corridor air pressurization and shared washroom exhaust. Lower floors may have inadequate pressure allowing air to flow out of suites. Failure of an exhaust fan can lead to direct connection between all suites on same shaft, @ShiftNB
2/ This style of ventilation & exhaust is disproportionally prevalent in Ontario apartment building outbreaks. Before concluding fomite transmission a more detailed analysis by subject matter experts (building science) is required. @DFisman@IPACCanadadocs.google.com/spreadsheets/d…
3/ More detail about the possible mechanisms from building science in this thread: