"WHEREAS there are diverse loytering runaways in this country who very often absent themselves from their masters
service and sometimes in a long time cannot be found, that losse of the time and the charge in the seeking them often
Continue reading ...
1640: Virginia courts sentenced a black run away servant, John Punch, to "serve his said master . . . for the time of
his natural Life."
The First Legalized (RACIAL) Slave: Mr. John Punch
"An enslaved African who lived in the colony of #Virginia. Thought to have been an indentured servant, Punch attempted to escape to Maryland and was sentenced in July 1640 by the Virginia Governor's Council to serve as a slave"
"At first, the lives of servants and slaves were similar. They were owned by their masters and they worked shoulder to shoulder in the tobacco fields—sometimes even alongside their masters and their masters’ wives. Masters often used the courts to discipline their servants. ...
" The English common law, though only sparingly enforced, was meant to protect servants and slaves from mistreatment.Still, blacks and whites sought relief from their often grueling labor and difficult work conditions by running away, sometimes together."
"In July 1640, two such cases appeared before the colony’s judges. The decision dated July 9 describes three servants belonging to Hugh Gwyn who ran away to Maryland and were captured there. Victor, “a Dutchman,” and James Gregory, “a Scotchman,” were each sentenced to be whipped
.... , and four years were added to their indentures.'
The third servant, “a negro named John Punch,” was punished differently.
"Soon after Bacon's Rebellion they increasingly distinguish between people of African descent and people of European descent. They enact laws which say that people of African descent are hereditary slaves."
And they increasingly give some power to independent white farmers and land holders . . .
Since it'll be banned: PAY. ATTENTION.
"Now what is interesting about this is that we normally say that slavery and freedom are opposite things—that they are diametrically opposed ...
.... But what we see here in Virginia in the late 17th century, around Bacon's Rebellion, is that freedom and slavery are created at The Same Moment."
Two dissimilar identities formed on the same land; one African -- one European.
"According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first appearance in print of the adjective white in reference to “a white man, a person of a race distinguished by a light complexion” was in 1671."
"The Atlantic slave trade was well under way before there even was such a thing as the “Black Race” or the “White Race,” both previously being a host of various nationalities, ethnicities, religions, cultures, languages, and phenotypical features."
“The American Dream is at the expense of the American Negro.”
— Baldwin vs. William F. Buckley ( founder of the @NRO) 18.02.1965
“I picked the cotton, and I carried it to the market, and I built the railroads for nothing. For nothing!
"I am Nigerian because a white man created Nigeria and gave me that identity. I am black because the white man constructed black to be as different as possible from his white.
But I was Igbo before the white man came."
- Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
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“The Civil Rights Acts proposed to do something that libertarian ideology insisted was impossible –expand personal freedom by expanding central government power.”
"The black experience is a living reminder that government is not alone as a potential threat to personal liberty. It is possible, as in the Jim Crow South, to build a government so weak that no one’s personal liberties can be protected."
Ibeji (known as Ibejí, Ibeyí, or #Jimaguas in Latin America) is the name of an Orisha representing a pair of twins in the Yoruba religion of the Yoruba people ( present-day Nigeria).
"The way we imagine discrimination or disempowerment often is more complicated for people who are subjected to multiple forms of exclusion. The good news is that intersectionality provides us a way to see it."
"If you don't have a lens that's been trained to look at how various forms of discrimination come together, you're unlikely to develop a set of policies that will be as inclusive as they need to be."
"#Intersectionality is an analytic sensibility, a way of thinking about identity and its relationship to power. Originally articulated on behalf of black women, the term brought to light the invisibility of many constituents within groups that claim them as members ...
If Burkean conservatism is a response to the French Revolution, then African conservatism is also a response. It emerges out of, and in response to the shock of both Colonialism and The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade — the largest forced migration in history.
The LARGEST, long-distance, coerced migration in human history — The Atlantic slave trade is the backdrop, for the dissimilar attitudes, values, unique differences, between, Anglo conservatism, and what is referred to as African or "black conservatism".