**New publication alert**
What could happen to communication networks if a large #earthquake happened in the SF Bay Area, along the Hayward fault? 📞📱☎️📳
The new #HayWiredScenario chapter on telecommunications & ICT asks “what if” & explains why we should #TextNotTalk
Using proxies including power shutoffs, wildfires, & other earthquakes to model what happens to #telecom in a #HayWiredScenario, they found vulnerabilities in power service, cell sites on buildings and poles, and data lines crossing the fault surface rupture.
Contributing to the issue are multiple competitive service providers in a largely unregulated industry, convergence of analog and digital systems, layers of hardware and software functionality, dependence on electric power, and the rapid evolution of technology.
Along w/ damage to network infra & power outages, the network capacity gets jammed & stops working when 8 million people reach for their phones to communicate about the earthquake, or call friends & family to tell them what happened.
The #HayWiredScenario shows, like other recent #earthquakes, that power outages are the major cause of communication network failures. Backup power, if available, may only last for a few hours. Grid power can take much longer to restore.
High network usages combined with strained resources and damaged #infrastructure results in variable and possibly unreliable service, as it would take days, if not weeks, to coordinate the fuel, equipment, and labor to restore #telecommunication systems.
Most of the SF Bay Area’s macro cell sites are on buildings, and small cells don’t have backup power. Investing in backup power is critical for both providers and subscribers. Also, surges in use creates extra load on systems - that’s why we say #TextNotTalk.
What can you do to help?
After an earthquake - text, don’t talk. ⌨️📵
Don’t send or receive video, to reduce load on the networks.
For your home broadband equipment, make sure you have a backup power supply or generator.
Want to know more about how the SF Bay Area telecom infrastructure may fare after a large earthquake? Read the HayWired scenario Telecommunications & Information Communication Technology chapter at on.doi.gov/38i0ISU
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Yesterday afternoon, just before 4 pm local time, a M6.0 earthquake occurred at the California-Nevada border. Let’s dive deeper into some of the regional geology on this edition of #FaultFriday.
East of the San Andreas fault, the plate boundary doesn’t stop moving. Even though ~70% of the relative motion of the Pacific-North American plates occurs within the San Andreas fault system, that leaves ~30% to be accommodated elsewhere.
Moving east from the San Andreas fault from ~San Francisco, more plate motion is accommodated at the eastern rangefront of the Sierra Nevada. If you’ve ever wondered why the Sierra look even more impressive from the east than the west, enter: active tectonics.
Shaking of intensities up to VII was reported nearest the epicenter. The quake was felt all the way to the Pacific Coast and throughout CA’s Central Valley as well as strongly in Reno and Carson City.
Did You Feel It? Report here: earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/ev…
An M5.2 earthquake occurred 12 km (7.5 mi) NNW of Kukuihaele, Hawaii yesterday at 1:34 PM local time. So far >1,300 people have reported feeling shaking. If you felt this quake (or not!), click the link below to tell us about your experience. For more on EQs in Hawaii, see 🧵👇.
Thousands of earthquakes occur every year in the State of Hawaii most of which are small & caused by eruptive processes w/in the active volcanoes on & around the Island of Hawaii, especially in the southern districts where the Kilauea, Mauna Loa & Loihi volcanoes are most active.
Other EQs can occur in Hawaii along tectonic faults in the crust & upper mantle & can be related to deep structural adjustments from the weight of the lava-built islands on Earth's underlying crust. This is the most common source of damaging EQs north of the Island of Hawaii.
Two large earthquakes have occurred beneath the southwest Pacific today. The earlier M7.3 was strongly felt across much of New Zealand. The more recent M7.4 occurred ~4 hr later, ~900 km away. Given the large distance between them, the events are probably not directly related. 🧵
The @USGS-determined focal mechanism and origin location for the earlier M7.3 near New Zealand suggest that the earthquake resulted from complex faulting within the subducting Pacific Plate. earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/ev…
@USGS The M7.4 much farther north along the Kermadec Trench has a focal mechanism and origin depth consistent with slip along the subduction interface between the Pacific and Australia Plates. earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/ev…
Yes, swarms aside, it is still Friday, and on this channel, that means #FaultFriday. To learn more about the area around the Westmorland swarm, let’s look at the Imperial fault of southern California today.
The Imperial fault is a right-lateral strike-slip fault (ow.ly/gKEq50BIfDq) that runs south of the Salton Sea, across the US-Mexico border, and into Mexico. The Imperial fault had two significant earthquakes in the 20th century, a M6.9 in 1940 and a M6.5 in 1979.
Before the 1940 El Centro event, this fault probably did not have an earthquake in the previous 300 years. Geologists can literally uncover the history of past earthquakes along a fault by digging a shallow trench across a fault and observing and dating the offset layers.
An #earthquake swarm has kicked off southwest of the #SaltonSea today, producing 240 earthquakes as of 8pm Pacific. The largest earlier this evening was M4.9.
So what does this mean? We’ve put together some scenarios to explain what could happen next. usgs.gov/center-news/ea…
The most likely scenario is that the rate of earthquakes in the swarm will decrease over the next 7 days. Some additional moderate-sized earthquakes (M4.5 to 5.4) may occur. Smaller magnitude earthquakes (M3.0+) may be felt by people close to the epicenters.
A less likely scenario is a somewhat larger earthquake could occur (up to a M6.9). Earthquakes of this size could cause damage around the area close to the swarm and would be followed by aftershocks that would increase the number of smaller earthquakes per day.