1/ It's pretty clear we need to expand #COVID19 3rd doses.

Vaccine effectiveness is still ⬆️protective against severe illness. There is evidence for waning VS infection.

Some want to give out 3rd doses like Halloween candy, others think it ends at 2. As always, details matter.
2/ A few thoughts:

-Some need 3rd doses now, but we all don't need 3rd doses now (see further below).

-Longer duration from last dose = higher prob of infection.

-Spacing out dose 1 & 2 (not done in USA/Israel) likely provides more robust protection.

bbc.in/3uWnXfA
3/
-The vaccines⬇️⬇️the risk of infection, but are not designed for sterilizing immunity. We knew this from the original clinical trials well before Delta emerged.

-Vaccines are phenomenal in preventing severe illness.

-Much more complex than "breakthrough infections" = boost.
4/

-Want to really have the largest & most meaningful impact? Then focus on #COVID19 1st doses in the unvaccinated (locally & globally).

-Billions remain unvaccinated in low income countries. Ugh.
5/
-Unclear risk of myocarditis after dose 3 in those at risk (e.g. men under 30). Would like to see more robust safety data here.

-3rd doses for Healthcare workers? For some. There are many men under 30. See point above. Hard to make 'blanket policy' when some have a ? risk.
6/ The World Health Organization has called for a moratorium on wide-scale booster programs until 2022 given the huge global inequities.

Focused (rather than blanket) 3rd dose programs can still align with global goals.

cnb.cx/2YvW3vv
7/
-With current data/local/global context, what makes sense now in 🇨🇦 for 3rd doses?

*65+ yrs
*Immunocompromised & several underlying medical conditions
*Long term care & congregate care setting
*Some HCW

(Eligibility can expand with time)
8/
Summary:

1st doses for all (eligible) now.

3rd doses for some now.

3rd doses for others later.

Still many unanswered questions & expect policy to adapt with emerging data.

Find the sweet spot where safety/equity/current data overlap...it's a moving target.

Fin.
Addendum: The observational studies reporting on waning immunity are far from perfect and very likely overestimate the degree of waning.

This needs better/more honest communication.

But this doesn’t mean waning isn’t occurring - it is.
h/t @EpiEllie

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More from @BogochIsaac

29 Aug
A few semi-related #COVID19 thoughts:

1. The virus isn't going anywhere any time soon

2. We will all be exposed at some point, maybe not today or this month, but in the next year or two

3. Must continue to⬆️the # of people with antibodies (from vaccination) prior to exposure👇
4. The pandemic is not over, even in countries with +++ vaccine access. Mitigation efforts are still needed to protect the vulnerable & unvaccinated (eg ineligible, those with barriers, etc) & to prevent overwhelming the healthcare system.

(The pandemic will end, just not yet)👇
5. We may need boosters at some point. Some (e.g. immunocompromised, etc) need these now. But we *ALL* don't need these now & should be supporting global vaccine efforts (COVAX).

6. Why not get a booster tailored to the "variant du jour" later on, when you actually need one?👇
Read 7 tweets
27 Aug
1/ Moderna's #COVID19 vaccine was approved for use in 12-17 year olds in Canada.

I am a firm believer in COVID-19 vaccines, including for this age cohort.

NACI has a statement that is worth reading.
1. Summary: bit.ly/3mFuERq
2. Whole Megillah: bit.ly/38q2KQJ
2/ Informed decision making is always key.

People need to know the benefits, risks, alternatives, & context when making a medical decision.

NACI describes a greater risk of myocarditis with Moderna vs Pfizer, typically in younger male cohorts. Most are mild & recover quickly.👇
3/ More info from the links above.

"The dose 2 reporting rates for all ages/genders combined were 28.2 and 8.7 per million doses administered for the Moderna vaccine and the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, respectively."

And this too👇
Read 4 tweets
18 Jul
1. ~80% of eligible Canadians have received a 1st dose of a #COVID19 vaccine & 2nd doses coming in fast. Nice!

2. This still leaves millions unvaccinated.

3. Delta (& all COVID) is +++ contagious, so no surprises when non-vax people get infected as measures lift (eg Europe).
👇 Image
4. While #COVID19 vaccines work extraordinarily well, there are enough unvaccinated folks who could get sick & require medical care.

5. Even if we see lower overall COVID-related healthcare usage due to significant vaccine uptake, we can't ignore pressure on healthcare system.👇
6. Think about healthcare capacity in Canada. Ontario had to essentially shut down to avoid overwhelming the healthcare system with ~600 patients admitted to ICUs with COVID-related illness. We ended up with 920.

7. This is in a province of ~14.5 million. That's a problem.
Read 7 tweets
14 Jun
In an era where good news is in short supply, this analysis from Public Health England suggests that both Pfizer & AstraZeneca are highly effective against hospitalization with the Delta variant (after 2 doses):

1. Pfizer: 96%
2. AstraZeneca: 92%

Link: bit.ly/3iBSsn7
More details of the analysis can be found at this link, with effectiveness of Pfizer & AstraZeneca vs Alpha & Delta variants: bit.ly/3gv0uLX
Also, have a peek at the chart above & look at the effectiveness of a single dose for hospitalization....not too shabby.

This is very helpful data in support of Canada's 1st dose fast approach.

And now we are well underway for rapid follow up of 2nd doses. 🇨🇦
Read 4 tweets
3 Jun
More emerging data from England regarding the Delta variant (B.1.617, initially discovered in India):

-It is more transmissible
-Appears to cause more significant illness

**Vaccines are still effective but 2 doses are ++ more protective than 1**

Link: bit.ly/3vPg2R4
The takeaways are pretty clear- we need to vaccinate quickly with smart 1&2 dose strategy focusing on vulnerable individuals & communities.

Unvaccinated & undervaccinated pockets (barriers to care, choice, etc) will be vulnerable and see spikes.

But polls show most🇨🇦to be vaxed
We are doing really well in much of Canada with the vaccine rollout, so if we play it smart with 1st and 2nd dose strategies, and continue vaccinating at a rapid pace we can avoid significant impact of this variant.
Read 4 tweets
1 Jun
It looks like Canada's National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) will give the green light to mixing & matching #COVID19 vaccines.

For example, those with a 1st dose of AstraZeneca may choose a 2nd dose of AZ or an mRNA vaccine.

bit.ly/3i7xkot by @adamsmiller
Mixing & matching #COVID19 vaccines may:

1. Provide more options to Canadians

2. Facilitate vaccine rollout if there are supply issues with a particular product

3. Possibly speed up rollout
Emerging data from the UK & Spain demonstrate the safety & positive immune response for mixing and matching.

France & Germany have been doing this for a while.

bit.ly/3p8VQXE
Read 4 tweets

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