For folks who can't make my #rEDSurrey21 presentation on developing expert teaching, here's a short summary:
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The most expert teachers help pupils learn 4x faster than the least expert (Wiliam, 2016).
Teaching expertise is a thing worth investing in.
However, getting better at many aspects of teaching is hard to do via experience alone (Kraft & Papay, 2016).
This is why formal teacher development is so important.
However, the quality of teacher development is highly variable. There are a few bright spots, but most programmes have little impact, and some are even detrimental (Fletcher-Wood & Zuccolo, 2020).
There's room for improvement.
For me, improvement begins with establishing clarity around:
→ What expertise is
→ How we can systematically develop it
Expertise is reliably strong performance against the core tasks that a teacher faces (Ericsson et al, 2018).
While the core tasks of teaching are the same for every teacher, the strategies needed to tackle them are unique.
Our ability to tackle the core tasks of any role is a product of the 'mental model' that we possess.
'Mental model' is just a fancy term for 'what teachers know and how that knowledge is organised to guide perception, decision and action'.
We can systematically build teaching expertise around these core tasks by employing a set of essential development processes (or 'mechanisms').
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However, they take time and effort to establish, and often come with an initial dip in performance. During this phase, it can be tempting to give up.
→ This is what @JamesClear calls the 'Valley of Latent Potential'.
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At their best, routines can:
→ Redeploy attention
→ Reduce behaviour management
→ Increase student motivation, confidence and safety
→ Free up of teacher mental capacity to monitor learning and be more responsive
However, these benefits only come once routines become automated.
The amount of time it takes for a routine to automate depends on its complexity and how frequently we run it. Simple routines can take 20 repetitions. More complex ones can take up to 200.
In addition to thinking about forms and characteristics, they hypothesised that thinking about PD in terms of 'mechanisms' might add even more power and nuance to our perspective.
A short thread on one of the most critical concepts in planning for learning:
→ Backwards design
As teachers, nailing our approach to planning is paramount.
It not only makes a huge difference to pupil learning, but also to workload. Berliner suggests that expert teachers plan lessons 50x quicker than novice teachers 🚀
However, effective approaches to planning are not always obvious.
For example, some teachers in their early years (including myself) have found themselves beginning planning by trying to identify a good activity.
A short thread on *trust* in the classroom: why we need it and how teachers can build it.
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For pupils, the value of what they learn is nebulous and highly delayed.
As teachers, we continually require pupils to have faith that the objects we ask them to attend to and the decisions we make on their behalf will pay off for them further down the line.
When trust is present, pupils will readily embrace teacher suggestions about where to allocate their attention and effort.
When trust is absent, pupils can view teacher direction as an inconvenience, or even with suspicion, and ultimately reject it altogether.