🧵🧵 1/ While two-dose vaccine series have been shown to remain exceptionally protective against #covid19 disease, especially in younger age cohorts — we know that vaccine effectiveness against #SARSCoV2 infection has decreased.
Booster doses can help reduce onward transmission.
2/ As I think about this more, this is especially important for the many immunocompromised patients that we are treating as healthcare providers.
These are patients in whom vaccines don’t work quite as well to induce an immune response.
3/ Similarly, reducing transmission to children is an important goal, even if it deserves examination of many trade-offs.
The best way as of now to protect kids is to minimize risk of transmission from adults. Vaccines are one part of that equation.
4/ In addition, many remain unvaccinated. The best way to protect them is to vaccinate them— but the second best is to ensure that those around them are vaccinated.
These “unvaccinated people” are still loved ones like mothers/fathers- protecting them is still important.
5/ Reducing overall infections in the community is important also because we are still trying to understand the longer term risks of getting mild or asymptomatic infections.
This last point I think is harder to defend largely bc CoV2 will not be eradicated and..
6/ everyone will likely have exposure at some point— this is the reality of a virus that transmits this well.
But — we can still continue to prevent severe disease.
And there are many new therapeutics & prophylactics on the way.
Buying time is still important.
7/ While not the focus of this thread, I can’t talk about boosters without talking about vaccine inequity.
I really do think it is a zero sum game more than many are acknowledging.
Saying that doses will never reach other countries is becoming a lazy argument…
8/ Especially when it isn’t coupled with any possible solutions as to how we can change that situation moving forward. I fear that the reason these solutions aren’t being considered is bc of complacency that we can keep boosting/ protecting ourselves here in the US indefinitely.
9/ I want to acknowledge that boosters will play an important role in reducing community transmission.
They are not the only way to do this.
& they also present a $$ opportunity for pharma that may disincentivize trying to get first 💉💉 to other places instead for less profit.
10/ More organized thoughts on these many moving parts coming out soon.
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1/ It's difficult to study #SARSCoV2 transmission in the real world bc of many confounders
In our study of hospital roommates, we studied this in a relatively controlled setting
We found that the virus transmits efficiently beyond 6 feet & despite a curtain in between roommates
2/ We were examining a number of cases that turned positive but whose initial tests were negative (so early incubation period) so they were roomed with other patients in shared rooms
This allowed us to explore a window into exposure when index cases are most infectious
3/ We found that for those with cycle threshold values <=21 (meaning high viral load), 11/18 transmitted to their roommate (61%)
Roommates are 7 feet apart (head to head in bed) with a solid curtain in between
If transmission was primarily droplets, we wouldn't expect this
A few things on my mind
🧵🧵 1)
-#SARSCoV2 is spread by aerosols at short and long range— not sure why there is still debate about this. Seeing tweets from Canada that this is still up in the air- no pun intended cc @DFisman@kprather88@linseymarr
2)
-global vaccine equity is an afterthought for rich countries; this is exactly how we thought this would go— for pharma, it’s about $$ & always was. Charity won’t solve this issue. It’s a structural problem cc @ThomasPogge@amymaxmen@RanuDhillon@rajpanjabi
3)
Boosting fully vaccinated folks w/ mild co-morbidities won’t stop the epidemic here — fully vaxx’d transmitting much less
From @linseymarr excellent piece in @IDSAInfo CID journal, re transmission of respiratory viruses
"This dichotomy overlooks the reality that respiratory droplets of all sizes, incl aerosols, are most concentrated close to the source (i.e., the infected individual) and that..."
"exposure at all but uncomfortably close distances is dominated by inhalation rather than the impaction of large droplets that are sprayed onto mucous membranes"
Why does this all matter? Because functionally it changes the type of protection that is most needed
And it is critical to acknowledge that there has a been a paradigm shift on this topic.
At my old stomping grounds @BrighamWomens our excellent infection prevention team shifted their views over time, as more evidence emerged that short-range aerosols contributed the most
2/ while the US is going to be purchasing “hundreds of millions” more doses to donate— winning a pandemic that hinges on the generosity or altruism of wealthy countries w/ histories of exploitation is problematic & likely short lived.
3/ The global vaccine supply issue & need for more decentralized production + technology transfers for scale up is likely the most urgent global dilemma facing the world.
Is it being regarded with the same level of urgency?