1. An FCS insert scenario proposed by @daoyu15 explained by @pathogenetics thus:
"Some say the FCS is not the right sequence "Man" would design, but here @daoyu15 presents the exact workflow "Man" would use to generate the FCS sequence see in COVID-19, with a design rationale"
"HCoV-OC43 cleavage site RRSRR was introduced (in an experiment by Belouzard et al, 2009). A similar experiment in China could use either RRARR or RRSRR from MHV-JHM or HCoV-OC43 via a "Lazy Loop Insertion"
4. RRSRR may change to RRARR (Glycosylation) during passage by a single TCA->GCA change, but it is most likely that they introduced the MHV-JHM cleavage site, if it was intended to be tested in mice.
"Note that RRXR is in the other engineered site for their NL63 construct. This means that a direct engineered insertion of RRAR is also possible, again between the R!S in QTQTNSRS, same as RRARR"
1. Transfer of Biological Samples from a BSL 3 Facility
A stern warning from Xavier Abad Morejón de Girón, Biosafety level 3 Laboratory Manager at CReSA – Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, UAB-IRTA, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
"improperly treated and therefore still infectious materials transferred out of a BSL3/4 facility could lead to potential proliferation of bio-weapons and increase the biohazard to the community"
3. Two Ways to Transfer
A biological sample can reach the outside of a BSL3
area in two ways: either without inactivation (infectious) if it must be transferred to another BSL3 facility
or
after undergoing an inactivation process to render the biological sample non-infectious
"Potentially the WIV may have been attempting to swap in the MERS-CoV spike gene using targeted RNA recombination (Masters and Rottier, 2005) or perhaps experimenting with a pseudotyped MERS-CoV spike vector"
3. That is a significant claim
"the WIV appears to have been simultaneously using a HKU4r-CoV backbone for independent research"
So while doing EHA NIH funded work, at the same time they were "experimenting" with the reverse!
"Viral isolates will remain at the Wuhan Institute of Virology initially. Isolates, reagents and any other
products, will be made available to other NIH-funded researchers via applicable WIV and EHA Material Transfer Agreements and/or icensing agreements"
3. Cells (Page 203)
• Records are maintained for each of the cell lines regarding 1. the origin of the cell lines 2. when they were resuscitated 3. number of passages 4. all test results 5. any unique distinguishing growth behavior 6. any known genetic features.
2. we believe a more transparent and comprehensive system of reporting biological incidents to a neutral third party would help reduce the number of laboratory incidents
3. it could be broadened to include all kinds of incident data. In our opinion, an international version of such a reporting system would also help reduce the number and severity of laboratory incidents, both locally and worldwide