In some of our churches not all is what it seems. Marble columns that appear round and richly carved recede to painted curlicues. Velvet curtains that hang sumptuously are nothing more than daubed oils. Varnished woodwork the work of an illusionist.
Because that's what these are: illusions. Or, to give the proper name, it's trompe l'oeil - a French term that literally means deceives the eye. It's a technique to trick the viewer into perceiving a flat painted detail as a 3D object.
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At St Mary's, Mundon in Essex, the east wall has Baroque-style Commandment boards feigned in pink squiggly marble and suspended from impossibly delicate ties.
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Over the east window, heavy painted velvet curtains are held open by rope ties and tassels. All throwing dark shadows to trick the viewer even more. This extravagant east-end is so unexpected in this otherwise wholesome, vernacular church.
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In the medieval church of St Ellyw, Llanelieu in Powys, countless layers of historic wall-paintings break through the white-wash, offering up snatches of feet, flowers, verses and coats of arms.
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Immediately as one enters, they are greeted with a large lion rampant guardant painted in golden ochre. Its eyes are empty, St Edward's crown perched on top of its head.
(Zoom in to see the detail.)
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The lion was a dexter supporter of a royal coat of arms, the entire heraldic achievement is enclosed by a trompe l'oeil timber frame. The painter going to great efforts to imitate wood-grain. This technique is also seen on a couple of smaller textual panels in the church.
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So the next time you visit these churches, take a second look. The artists of the 18th century are still tricking eyes hundreds of years later.
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At Llangwm Uchaf, what remains of the gloomy inscription on this crumbling gravestone has a great example of the archaic use of 'ye' (the) which we tweeted about recently, but you can also spot two lovely examples of another extinct letterform: ſ - known as the 'long s'.
At a glance, ſ looks a bit like an f (especially in typefaces that give it a little nub on its left hand side - like in this edition of Paradise Lost).
But what looks like 'fpend' on the headstone is actually 'spend'.
Welcoming hands greet visitors to St Michael and All Angels', Castlemartin in Pembrokeshire.
The wrought iron gates in the lychgate were made and presented to the church in 1890 by the multi-talented Pembroke engineering firm J&A Stephens - known locally as 'Knacky Stephens’…
The original "Knacky Stephens" was John Stephens — Castlemartin's village blacksmith. He had the knack for fixing machines. His sons John and Archibald were also very ingenious, and grew a business as Agricultural, Marine and Motor Engineers.
J&A Stephens did everything from repairs for the Admiralty Dockyard, to hiring out steam road rollers and farm machinery, to providing equipment to build a lighthouse on Skokholm Island. Archie even invented and patented a new submarine shackle, but it never went into production.
At St Beuno's in Penmorfa, Gwynedd, a fragment of 16th century stained glass remains in a window on the west wall. In 1905, it piqued the curiosity of Charles E Breese — a local solicitor, Liberal politician and antiquarian …
Breese learned that until about the 1860s it had been a part of a larger window on the east wall, which was known, from its inscription, to have commemorated Maredudd ab Ifan ab Robert (aka Meredith ap Ivan ap Robert, or Meredith Wynn) and his third wife, Margaret Maurice.
Meredith, the founder of the influential Wynn(e) family, was said to have fathered 20 children and to go everywhere with a personal bodyguard of 20 tall bowmen.
Do you need to know how to graft an apple tree, how to ‘make a horse piss and dung', or need advice on making a wise choice in marriage?
John Gwin, 17th century churchwarden at Llangwm Uchaf, has the answers to all of these questions, and much more …
Throughout his life, John kept a 'commonplace book' — recording family affairs, local events, home improvements, advice on husbandry, poems, medical treatments, and parish politics.
It’s survived to give us a fascinating window into life in Monmouthshire in the late 1600s.
John had a particular interest in medicine, recording cures that combined traditional and modern medical ideas. His interest wasn’t purely academic. We can imagine John’s fears as he notes the directions for treatment of his two children — 'sick of the smallpox'.
The old church of St Matthew's in Lightcliffe, West Yorks is now just a tower. The rest of the church was demolished in 1973, despite our strenuous efforts to save it.
The loss was of historical significance — because this was a building of pioneering Georgian construction.
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The Neoclassical building had galleries of 'pews with a view' on three sides, and surviving photographs suggest that the quatrefoil columns supporting them were made of cast iron.
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The material had been used in buildings since the late 17thC — Christopher Wren employed it in the House of Commons — but the oldest surviving example of cast iron used for gallery supports is at St James's, Toxteth, built in 1775. Lightcliffe's church was built the same year.
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This region, at the mouth of the Humber, was marshland until it was drained in the medieval period, which explains the challenges we face today with structural movement.
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Inside the church, amidst clutter and green-streaked walls, are the architectural and artistic flourishes of six centuries, including finely carved corbels, numerous neo-classical monuments, a triple sedilia, ship graffiti, carved roof bosses, and countless other delights.