I worked an unexpected overnight last night

This 🧵 is an exhausted, muddy-headed takedown of the historic but continued saddling of medical trainees with ridiculous work hours

There will be no data and I will appeal to emotion a lot

Here we go!

#MedTwitter

1/
Last night I was blessed to work with two amazing residents

We were busy with very sick patients

They were constantly working

I don't know if they ate

I arrived at 5 pm and left this morning exhausted after getting about 2-3 hours of sleep

2/
The IM resident had been in the hospital working 10 hours prior to my arrival at 5 pm and would round for another 3-4 hours after I left

I do not think that she slept

This amount of continuous work is OK according to medical norms and training program accrediting bodies

3/
I am getting older and less able to function on little sleep

The resident is probably 15-20 years younger

But there is plenty of data that decision-making after 24 sleepless hours is impaired

(look it up, I am too tired)

4/
The use of medical trainees to fill long hours is a historic vestige that, IMO, is out of step with the view of modern work (and, more importantly, education)

No one is learning that much medicine at hour 26. Or 24. Or 20. Or, frankly, 18.

They are just learning their place

5/
The problem is that hospitals have benefitted greatly from this setup since the Flexner Report (and before)

Residents working 1.5-2 FTE is a moneymaker

If I am honest, it is simply exploitative

And the pandemic has only made it worse

6/
The @acgme has done a good thing with duty hour rules, and I used to think they were appropriately titrated

I no longer do

No one should be expected as part of their education to be in the hospital for 24 straight hours

7/
I am a program director, so I am part of the medical-education-hospital-institution process

This makes me part of the problem

The answer is not simple and it requires a major re-prioritization of 💰💰💰 resources within academic departments/health systems that is large

8/
A reasonable day’s work (12 hrs?) should be the usual max and anything above that should be a relatively rare exception

This would mean night float would likely need to be a standard part of most programs

The @ACGME will likely need to play a role here

9/
This will require investment in more trainees

(we need more trainee slots anyhow, so seems reasonable)

or advanced practice providers

10/
This presents a financial hurdle, but not one that isn’t solvable

And until we start to talk about this, there will be no movement at all

Some will call me soft

The comments will be a disaster

I'm fine with that- I am going to bed

fin/

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More from @gbosslet

Jan 4,
OK let's talk about hospital admissions (with a focus on #Indiana) and what we can maybe expect with Omicron

Last week I talked about ICU beds, but what about hospitalizations overall?


1/
A new report out of the United Kingdom suggests several things:
1. Omicron seems to hospitalize at about half the rate of Delta
2. Vaccination is protective against hospitalization, and boosters are important to extend this risk

Report: bit.ly/3Hwq0fC

2/
These data is based on a relatively small number of hospitalizations (815), so take it with a grain of salt.

These data suggest for Omicron, unvaccinated folks are 5 TIMES as likely to be admitted to the hospital as fully vaxxed folks (3 doses)

3/
Read 7 tweets
Dec 30, 2021
If you are attending a large New Year celebration with strangers, please know that in many areas of the country you are contributing to the collapse of the health care system.

This applies regardless of your vaccination status.

I know this sounds dramatic- please read on.

1/
I am not chicken little when it comes to COVID

I have been a proponent of pulling back restrictions and mask requirements for the vaccinated

But the goal of public health measures is to protect hospital capacity

In Indiana, we are worse than ever.


2/
Omicron’s spread is nuts.

I’ve followed the data closely the entire time and I am floored by it.

3/
Read 11 tweets
Dec 27, 2021
This recent COVID-19 surge has put a major strain on hospital systems

I am an ICU physician and we have felt it acutely in this area of the hospital

Indiana has somewhere around 250 ICU beds currently unoccupied in the state (out of ~2100)

How can 250 feel like zero?

A 🧵

1/
First, a word about statewide data.

Never has there been a microscope on these data like this, and the transparency is awesome.

Both @ISDH and @HHS keep track of hospital metrics regarding occupancy.

@ISDH data: bit.ly/3qLcNJh

@HHS data: bit.ly/3erSk6l

2/
We feel a major crunch in ICU beds

constantly moving people out of the ICU to accommodate transfers

currently there is always a list of people waiting to come to our facility from other places

many of which report that they are out of room

3/
Read 15 tweets
Aug 20, 2021
mRNA injected into deltoid cells lasts about 72 hours and do not travel to distant sites in the body.

I get asked about this all of the time, so I went to find the primary science on this.

A couple of quick tweets

1/
The first paper I can find on this was in @ScienceMagazine in 1990 and showed the half-life of RNA in muscle cells to be less than 24 hours- RNA encoding the luciferase protein was injected into mouse quads and luciferase was undetectable at 60 hours. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1690918/

2/
In 2007, a study agreed:

Luciferase-encoding mRNA injected into human ear dermis peaked transcription at 17h and was undetectable at 3 days (panel d).

They also looked for luciferase expression at distal sites in the ear and saw none (panel e).

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17476302/

3/
Read 5 tweets
Jul 22, 2021
Earlier this summer I was adamant that school would be reasonable without masks, even for the ages for which vaccines are not available.

I have changed my tune. A quick 🧵as to why.

1/
Most data suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 virus affects kids in a generally quite benign way.

I know people get frustrated when COVID is compared to the flu, but for kids the data suggest the comparison is reasonable. And this accounts for "long COVID" and MIS-C.

2/
So when I suggest that masks should be mandatory in school for kids, I am not worried about the health of my unvaccinated 6 and 11 year olds.

I am worried about it causing widespread community transmission and overwhelming hospitals.

Again.

3/
Read 7 tweets
Apr 13, 2021
This week our manuscript on the role of in-person school on community spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Indiana was published online in Clinical Infectious Diseases.

This thread will outline our findings.

manuscript: bit.ly/3mIXvC5

1/17
This was a truly interdisciplinary effort.
@micahpollak (@iunorthwest): economics
Jeong Jang (@IUmedschool): biostats
@rebekah_roll (@IUmedschool): data gathering
Mark Sperling (@iunorthwest education): education
@deliriumkahn: analysis

I just sort of herded cats.

2/17
I’m going to target this thread to a wide audience, so my description of our work may leave some wanting more detail. The detail is in the online version and the supplement. Happy to answer any questions on the work as they come up.

3/17
Read 17 tweets

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