Last night I was blessed to work with two amazing residents
We were busy with very sick patients
They were constantly working
I don't know if they ate
I arrived at 5 pm and left this morning exhausted after getting about 2-3 hours of sleep
2/
The IM resident had been in the hospital working 10 hours prior to my arrival at 5 pm and would round for another 3-4 hours after I left
I do not think that she slept
This amount of continuous work is OK according to medical norms and training program accrediting bodies
3/
I am getting older and less able to function on little sleep
The resident is probably 15-20 years younger
But there is plenty of data that decision-making after 24 sleepless hours is impaired
(look it up, I am too tired)
4/
The use of medical trainees to fill long hours is a historic vestige that, IMO, is out of step with the view of modern work (and, more importantly, education)
No one is learning that much medicine at hour 26. Or 24. Or 20. Or, frankly, 18.
They are just learning their place
5/
The problem is that hospitals have benefitted greatly from this setup since the Flexner Report (and before)
Residents working 1.5-2 FTE is a moneymaker
If I am honest, it is simply exploitative
And the pandemic has only made it worse
6/
The @acgme has done a good thing with duty hour rules, and I used to think they were appropriately titrated
I no longer do
No one should be expected as part of their education to be in the hospital for 24 straight hours
7/
I am a program director, so I am part of the medical-education-hospital-institution process
This makes me part of the problem
The answer is not simple and it requires a major re-prioritization of 💰💰💰 resources within academic departments/health systems that is large
8/
A reasonable day’s work (12 hrs?) should be the usual max and anything above that should be a relatively rare exception
This would mean night float would likely need to be a standard part of most programs
The @ACGME will likely need to play a role here
9/
This will require investment in more trainees
(we need more trainee slots anyhow, so seems reasonable)
or advanced practice providers
10/
This presents a financial hurdle, but not one that isn’t solvable
And until we start to talk about this, there will be no movement at all
Some will call me soft
The comments will be a disaster
I'm fine with that- I am going to bed
fin/
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A new report out of the United Kingdom suggests several things: 1. Omicron seems to hospitalize at about half the rate of Delta 2. Vaccination is protective against hospitalization, and boosters are important to extend this risk
If you are attending a large New Year celebration with strangers, please know that in many areas of the country you are contributing to the collapse of the health care system.
This applies regardless of your vaccination status.
I know this sounds dramatic- please read on.
1/
I am not chicken little when it comes to COVID
I have been a proponent of pulling back restrictions and mask requirements for the vaccinated
But the goal of public health measures is to protect hospital capacity
mRNA injected into deltoid cells lasts about 72 hours and do not travel to distant sites in the body.
I get asked about this all of the time, so I went to find the primary science on this.
A couple of quick tweets
1/
The first paper I can find on this was in @ScienceMagazine in 1990 and showed the half-life of RNA in muscle cells to be less than 24 hours- RNA encoding the luciferase protein was injected into mouse quads and luciferase was undetectable at 60 hours. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1690918/
2/
In 2007, a study agreed:
Luciferase-encoding mRNA injected into human ear dermis peaked transcription at 17h and was undetectable at 3 days (panel d).
They also looked for luciferase expression at distal sites in the ear and saw none (panel e).
Earlier this summer I was adamant that school would be reasonable without masks, even for the ages for which vaccines are not available.
I have changed my tune. A quick 🧵as to why.
1/
Most data suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 virus affects kids in a generally quite benign way.
I know people get frustrated when COVID is compared to the flu, but for kids the data suggest the comparison is reasonable. And this accounts for "long COVID" and MIS-C.
2/
So when I suggest that masks should be mandatory in school for kids, I am not worried about the health of my unvaccinated 6 and 11 year olds.
I am worried about it causing widespread community transmission and overwhelming hospitals.
This week our manuscript on the role of in-person school on community spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Indiana was published online in Clinical Infectious Diseases.
I’m going to target this thread to a wide audience, so my description of our work may leave some wanting more detail. The detail is in the online version and the supplement. Happy to answer any questions on the work as they come up.