Thread by @0xViking

Let's talk about some basic "Networking Concepts"

This is part of the web3 developer roadmap
bit.ly/WEB3-ROADMAP

🧵👇

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#100DaysOfCode #100DaysOfWeb3 #21DaysOfLearnandShare #R2D2(total-Day23)

Networking is the word we use when we talk about connecting computers together so that they can share data with each other.

Local networks range from simple networks consisting of two computers to networks connecting hundreds of thousands of devices

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Who owns the internet?
internet is not owned by any individual or group.

The internet is a worldwide collection of interconnected networks (network of networks), cooperating with each other to exchange information using common standards

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Well, I mentioned that the network is interconnected so that we can share data.

Now let's see what data is and how is it transmitted.

Data can be anything, starting from sending mail to transactions at ATMs to sharing a post on social media to sending a snap.

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Data in the digital world is stored in the form of bits(either '0' or '1').

Few examples -
Capital letter: V = 01010110
Number: 9 = 00110110
Special character: # = 00100011

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Common methods of transmission

* Electrical - Represents data as electrical pulses on copper wire

* Optical - Converting the electrical signals into light pulses

* Wireless - Using infrared, microwave, or radio waves through the air

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*** image source from CISCO

Bandwidth - It is the capacity to carry data

Throughput - It is the measure of the transfer of bits across the media over a given period of time

Latency - It refers to the amount of time, including delays, for the data to travel from one point to another

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Types of Communication Networks

-- Clients and Server --
All devices connected to a network that participate directly in the network
communication can be referred to as hosts

Hosts can send and receive messages on the network

Hosts can act as a client, a server, or both

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-- Peer-to-Peer --

The simplest P2P network consists of two directly connected computers are then able to use this simple network to exchange data and services with each other, acting as either a client or a server as necessary

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Communication

All communication methods have three elements in common.

The first is the message source or sender

The second is the destination, or receiver, of the message

The third is the transmission medium or channel

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Communication Standard :

Networking and internet standards ensure that all devices connecting to the network implement the same set of rules or protocols in the same manner.

These standards are developed, published, and maintained by a variety of organizations.

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When a new standard is proposed, each stage of the development and approval process is recorded in a numbered RFC document so that the evolution of the standard is tracked. RFCs for internet standards are published and managed by the IETF.

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Network Communication Models

There are two basic types of models to describe the functions that must occur for network communications to be successful: protocol models and reference models.

The most widely known internetwork reference model is the OSI model.

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The OSI model breaks network communications down into multiple processes. Each process is a small part of the larger task.

The protocols that make up the TCP/IP protocol suite can be described in terms of the OSI reference model.

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The IPv4 address is a logical network address that identifies a particular host.

An IPv4 address is assigned to the network interface connection for a host.

This connection is usually a network interface card (NIC) installed in the device.

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Every packet sent across the internet has a source and destination IPv4 address.

An IPv4 address is simply a series of 32 binary bits (1's & 0's).

The 32 bits are grouped into four 8-bit bytes called octets.

Each octet is presented as a decimal value, separated by (.)

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Most internal networks, from large enterprises to home networks, use private IPv4 addresses for addressing all internal devices (intranet) including hosts and routers.

However, private addresses are not globally routable.

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Before an ISP(Internet Service Provider) can forward a packet with a private address out to the internet, the address must be translated to a public IPv4 address using NAT(Network address translation).

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I can understand these are a little over the head but I believe a basic understanding of the above concept is enough to cope-up with the roadmap.

Resources:
by Sajid Mughal from #LearnWithPurpose

by @ansh9685

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If you think you need a detailed understanding of each concept I would recommend doing the following course by CISCO(total of ~70 hrs content, so at least the "Network Protocols and Architecture" is required). It is a 100% FREE course.
skillsforall.com/course/network…

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Thank you for reading till here.

I am a budding developer in web3, Started #21DaysOfLearnandShare to learn more and share.

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Thanks again
0xViking