Fran Hirsch Profile picture
Jun 6 11 tweets 4 min read
Russian show trials in Donetsk will begin by targeting three foreign prisoners-of-war--two from Britain and one from Morocco.
Russian news sources proclaim that "this public trial will be watched by the whole world." And that "it will be a kind of mini-Nuremberg. trial of Ukrainian and European Nazism."
svpressa.ru/war21/article/…
This is the start of what the Russian State Media is calling the "Mariupol Tribunal."
One Russian news source reports that there are "some 8,000 prisoners of war, including foreign mercenaries, and instructors from NATO countries" in Luhansk--and that the defendants will be selected from among them.
The world cannot just watch such a trial take place. International organizations and international lawyers must speak up. Journalists must call this out as the show trial that it is.
The Russian State Media has been running articles about the Kharkov Trial and the Krasnodar Trial of 1943 (Soviet war crimes trials from WWII) and presenting the "Mariupol Tribunal" as a successor. This of course, is all propaganda.
To understand what Russia is up to we should be looking at the Soviet show trials of the 1930s.

Or at postwar Soviet show trials like the June 1945 trial of sixteen leaders of the Polish Underground State...
The trial of sixteen leaders of the Underground State--a network of anti-Nazi resistance organizations--turned reality upside down. The defendants—after being kidnapped and tortured by the NKVD—had confessed to collaborating with Nazi Germany.
This too was a large public trial. It was staged in Moscow before a large audience that included Western diplomats and journalists. The trial helped solidify the Soviet Union’s hold on Poland and from Stalin’s perspective had gone off brilliantly.
The trial of sixteen leaders of the Polish Underground State was covered in the news at the time as if it was an ordinary trial. There were no official protests abroad.

We know much more now about how Soviet-style show trials work. We can and must learn from the past.

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More from @FranHirsch

Jun 7
Talk of a "Mariupol Tribunal" has me doing a deep dive into the history of Soviet show trials... and how they were covered by the New York Times and other Western media outlets.

Walter Duranty's coverage of the Moscow Trials is of course particularly egregious. Image
Lots of great examples of what not to do. Image
Duranty covered these trials as if the charges were credible... quoting from the Soviet prosecutor at great length. He also covered them as high drama. Image
Read 7 tweets
Apr 12
Russia has become a totalitarian society. Public opinion does not matter. It's all about complacency.
I teach a course on Totalitarianism at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Here are some reading recommendations from my syllabus.
Victor Klemperer, I Will Bear Witness 1933-1941: A Diary of the Nazi Years. The entries from 1933 are especially powerful.

"Every new government decree, announcement, etc. is more shameful than the previous one..."

"And... everyone's keeping his head down..."
Read 17 tweets
Apr 6
As a result of the efforts of Raphael Lemkin, the term #genocide was included in the Indictment for the #Nuremberg Trials of 1945-46 under the category of War Crimes.
British deputy chief prosecutor Sir David Maxwell Fyfe used the term in June 1946 #Nuremberg during his cross-examination of Konstantin von Neurath, former Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia.
Maxwell Fyfe reminded Neurath that the prosecution was charging him and many of his fellow defendants with genocide, “which we say is the extermination of racial or national groups.”
Read 14 tweets
Apr 5
In his closing speech at the #Nuremberg Trials in 1946, British chief prosecutor Sir Hartley Shawcross used the term #genocide to describe the Nazis’ “deliberate and systematic plan” to wipe out peoples and cultures.
Shawcross revisited the evidence about the Einsatzgruppen and Auschwitz.

But he also reminded the Tribunal that #genocide had not been limited to the murder of Jews and Gypsies.
Shawcross emphasized that the Nazis had pursued genocide “in different forms” in Poland, the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and Alsace-Lorraine.
Read 10 tweets
Apr 5
The RIA-Novosti article--a horrifying treatise for #genocide--is a ramped-up and developed version of a "plan" for "deukrainization" advocated by the Russian economist and publicist Mikhail Khazin back in 2016.
Chilling to re-read Khazin's "vision" for a divided Ukraine. He had called for the transformation of Kyiv, Chernihiv, and Sumy into "agricultural hinterland stripped of industry and armed forces" with "excess population" deported to Russia's Far East.
Khazin had suggested that there would likely be "several million" Ukrainians who "cannot be reformed" and who would "need to be partly terminated, and partly expelled."
Read 11 tweets
Apr 4
Yes, the word genocide was indeed created to describe what is now transpiring in Ukraine. And the term totalitarianism was invented to describe the kind of regime that is now in place in Russia.
To me, this much is obvious.

We've seen it before. I've spent my career as a historian studying it.
Yes, we will need war crimes trials and a new #Nuremberg to try the Putin regime, Putin's generals, and rank-and-file Russian soldiers.
Read 4 tweets

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