Lipids & associated proteins have previously been identified as biomarkers of infection, including VLDL, HDL and various apolipoproteins, while both TAG and (serum) PUFA have been implicated as markers of severe disease outcomes
But what this paper adds
3/ Is an investigation (using mostly HEK293T-ACE2 and A549-ACE2 cells) of how the virus alters the lipidome and the importance of these changes in viral proliferation ... They found virus ⬆️TAGs, and PUFA chains were 2-8-fold more than saturated or monounsaturated species ...
4/ Several of the genes encoded by the virus - orf6, nsp1, nsp5, nsp13, nsp5, orf9b, orfc - appeared particularly important in the TAG-PUFA changes. And more interestingly...
5/ Drugs that alter fat metabolism, like an inhibitor of Fatty Acid Synthase (GSK2194069), strongly or completed blocked viral replication across viral strains.
6/ Those are the data. Now my questions
👉 Wondering whether intake of industrial oils could predispose to more severe infection?
👉 Could diets that alter fat metabolism, by doing so, lower infection risk/severity?
👉Are docs going to start prescribing Orlistat for COVID?
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3/ I’m an example of an LMHR that eats a relatively low saturated fat diet at baseline. Even when >80% of my fat intake is MUFA/PUFA, my LDL can run >500. Thus, it’s not simply the sat fat. Even when fiber intake has been >30g with net carbs <30g, my LDL can easily run >350
1/ This ??? has come up before, can you be LMHR and not actually lean. Here is a good case!
Individual meets all criteria for LMHR, but BMI 27. So, by the formal definition, the answer is simply, "yes." But let's discuss the nuance...
2/ First, let's again redefine what an LMHR is: >=200mg/dl LDL, >=80mg/dL HDL, >= 70mg/dl TG. That's it. BMI is not part of the definition. The term, "LMHR" is historic based on the general pattern that persons who have this profile TEND to be lean and/or athletic, but ...
3/ That's not a hard and fast rule. So, one could fairly argue the term isn't perfectly descriptive, re "LEAN". This is nothing special -- it's just language. I could come up with any number of examples of imperfect terms, Syndrome X, Aplastic anemia, etc. And it well may be...
2/ What it IS:
We provide the first description of the long-awaited #LEM hypothesis, a model that attempts to explain:
(i) the inverse association between BMI and LDL-C on #lowcarb diets
(ii) the #LMHR phenotype, in which lean people on low carb exhibit very ⬆️LDL-C⬆️HDL-C⬇️TG
3/ These phenomena, presently, have no complete competing explanation:
If effect were purely genetic, the🧬s would need 2explain:
>how macronutrient change can alter, not just LDL-C, but HDL-C+TG as part of a triad
>correlation between BMI and lipid changes
3/ Lifestyle and proper human nutrition to reverse metabolic disease. I know how hard we all work at school and that this is an above and beyond effort and I'm so appreciative that I'm not alone in being passionate about actually addressing the root causes of disease...
1/ Fascinating article in @nytimes about Racism in Medicine and the Prison System. In brief, black man, Mr. M, is denied early release on the basis of a "racist" medical formula.
2/ Judge in New Jersey considered the plea of an inmate who claimed his kidney problems made #Covid_19 especially dangerous. The man, Maurice McPhatter, was one of more than 20,000 federal prisoners who have sought early release during the pandemic...
3/ If Maurice McPhatter was born with only one kidney and now had a large kidney stone. Results from a blood test scored Mr. McPhatter’s kidney function as low. HOWEVER... historic research done in the 1999s had established race-based adjustments for kidney function in blacks...
We know Twitter has the potential to confuse messaging around sensitive topics, including those of our research on #LMHR Therefore, I want to play 20Q with you about our papers! All answers can be found in the manuscripts! Begin! doi.org/10.3389/fendo.… pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35106434/
Question 1: The definition of a lean mass hyper responder is
Question 2: If you suffer from type 2 diabetes, you're at elevated risk of exhibiting increases in LDL-C on a ketogenic diet because you're metabolically unhealthy