The battleship Mustu at anchor. Her extensive bulges, the result of her 1930s modernization, are prominent.
A lot of people are surprised by just how large the Nagato class grew to be over their careers.
At the start of their careers, the Nagato class were 215m (708') long with a beam of 29m (95'3"). At a draught of 9m (29'), this gave them a displacement of 32,200 tons (38,498 tons at full load).
In 1927, Mutsu had a modified bow fitted that increased their length by 1.6 meters (about 5' 3") to make the forward deck more dry. Nagato received a similar modification in 1930.
Their size was further enlarged during their comprehensive 1930s modernizations.
The Nagato class had their Hulls extended at the stern, increasing their length by another 7.55m (24' 8").
Beam was also increased through the fitting of large anti-torpedo bulges. This increased the beam by 2.4m (about 8').
The fitting of new weapons and equipment caused the draft to increase as well. At their heaviest, the Nagato class had a new draft of 9.49m (31' 2").
This led to an impressive increase in draft (almost 7,000 tons).
The Nagato class battleships were now 225m long (738') with a beam of 34.6m (113' 6").
Their new displacement was 39,050 tons standard, swelling to 46,000 tons at full load.
This actually placed them within the upper echelon of dreadnoughts in terms of size. At their heaviest, they rivaled designs such as the more modern North Carolina (46,700 tons) and King George V (45,400 tons) classes.
The Yamato class might get all the glory, but the Japanese Navy had some other hefty girls in service too!
While most Navies made the pursuit of greater speeds in their dreadnoughts a priority during the First World War, the United States remained happy with maintaining a speed of 21 knots throughout their series of superdreadnoughts.
Much has been written about the great leap in capability that was brought about by faster battleships such as the Queen Elizabeth class. This premium on speed has led the casual reader to discount the US Navy's Standard-Type battleships or even the entire battleline.
However, the reasoning for the emphasis for a 21 knot speed was not an inability to produce faster ships. Rather, it was a calculated decision to have all of their battleships standardized to the same speed throughout the entire navy.
The United States "Standard-Type" Battleships are something of an oddity so far as naval history is concerned.
They are typically overlooked by the casual observer and are seen as smaller, slower, or perhaps less visually impressive compared to their European contemporaries.
However, there was a good reason for the Standards and why they were designed the way they were.
They were, along with the strategic thinking of the US Navy, heavily influenced by Alfred Thayer Mahan.
Mahan's 1890 book, "The Influence of Sea Power upon History", had an effect of navies around the World.
The US Navy on the hand, began designing its entire navy around Mahan's theories.
One of the biggest being the concept of a decisive battle between capital ships.
We talked about the Lexington class battlecruisers, what they might have looked like had they been built, and how they might have been upgraded.
Now let's see how they might have operated in the US Navy.
I imagine they would have spent the interwar years split between the Atlantic and Pacific Fleet, generally following the distribution of the battleships. Most of them likely would have been sent to the Pacific along with the Battleline by the late 1930s to contain Japan.
Any battlecruisers left in the Atlantic would have likely supplemented or even replaced the three battleships covering the Neutrality patrols at the outbreak of the Second World War.
The higher speed and great range likely would have been invaluable in covering more territory.
So let's assume that the US Navy did produce it's Lexington class battlecruisers in their original configuration.
How might they have influenced the US Navy during the interwar years and into World War 2?
There likely would have been no Alaska class cruisers for one.
With six large capital ships to patrol the sea lanes, there would be less impetus for the development of the large cruiser proposals in the 1930s.
As a side note, this might have even caused Germany to hesitate on the Deutschland class.
The Renown class/HMS Hood were known to be the major threats to the class due to their speed and power. Having the threat of the Lexington class in the Atlantic would be added to this.
On the post about the Yamato class and torpedoes, someone had pointed out that they always seemed to take on roughly 3,000 tons of flooding after they were initially torpedoed by aircraft or submarines.
Perfect because I wanted to talk about a design flaw in the Yamato design.
Japanese designers went above and beyond in the design of the Yamato class, stretching their capabilities to the limit to produce a very advanced warship.
Notably, the Yamato class used plenty of full scale testing in its design. This was especially true for the armor design.
Gunnery tests against Tosa showed that large calibre shells retained enough momentum to travel for some distance underwater, allowing them to bypass the main armor belt entirely by going under it.