This study examined the effect of traditional-set vs. cluster-set structures, matched for total repetitions per session at the same relative load, during an 8-week high-load bench press training program on body composition, and measures of muscle hypertrophy and strength.
- Site-specific muscular hypertrophy of the proximal and middle regions of the pectoralis major improved to a greater extent over the intervention period in traditional compared with cluster sets.
- Cluster sets were found to increase body mass compared with traditional, with no between-group differences being observed for remaining outcomes of site-specific muscular hypertrophy or body composition.
- Muscular strength increased from baseline in both groups, with no significant statistical differences between groups.
- Interestingly enough, when investigating the time course of muscular strength development, cluster sets ceased developing muscular strength after week 5 while traditional sets continued to lead to improvements throughout the intervention period.
- Changes in relative muscular endurance were unaffected by the set structure performed during the intervention.
Effect of Set-Structure on Upper-Body Muscular Hypertrophy and Performance in Recreationally-Trained Male and Female (open access)
This Mendelian randomization study provides evidence that genetically predicted walking may reduced the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
- Genetically predicted higher levels of walking were found to decrease the risk of AD.
- Interestingly, the study failed to find any associations between genetically predicted overall activity, sedentary behavior, and moderate-intensity activity with AD.
This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials finds that resistance training exercise may promote increases in bioelectrical phase angle, an indicator of body cell mass and cellular health, in older adults.
- Phase angle is an indicator of body cell mass and cellular health, that is also moderately associated with muscle quality.
- Resistance training programs lasting ≥ 8 weeks were found to result in phase angle increases in participants aged ≥ 60 years.
In line with several previous studies, this one found hypoglycemia (glucose <3.0 mmol/L) to result in declines in important aspects of cognitive function, with the decline being consistent in adults with or without diabetes and largely independent of clinical factors.
- In this study, the authors enrolled clinically distinct subgroups of people with diabetes, and control subjects, using the same methodology allowing for direct comparison between different diabetic phenotypes and subjects without diabetes.
- Hypoglycemia deteriorated cognitive performance in all groups of participants to a similar extent, with effect sizes ranging from small to medium.
This one found an inverse, independent, and graded association of cardiorespiratory fitness with mortality risk across the age spectrum (including septuagenarians and octogenarians), men, women, and all races.
- This is an analysis of more than 750,000 U.S. veterans, which included a large numbers of septuagenarians, octogenarians, African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and women.
- During a median follow-up period of 10.2 years and more than 7.8 million person-years of observation, adjusted associations of CRF and mortality risk were inverse and strongly graded across the age spectrum, sex, and race.
The findings of this Mendelian randomization and protein-truncating variant analysis do not support a causal association between GDF-15 plasma levels and human cardiometabolic disease factors in humans.
- The analysis confirmed strong correlations of GDF15 plasma levels with a range of clinical parameters (e.g. age, smoking and BMI) and human diseases (e.g. diabetes, cardiovascular and respiratory disease), as well as several inflammatory biomarkers.