Share this page!

Enter URL or ID to Unroll

You can paste full URL like: https://x.com/threadreaderapp/status/1644127596119195649
or just the ID like: 1644127596119195649

How to get URL link on X (Twitter) App

  1. On the Twitter thread, click on or icon on the bottom
  2. Click again on or Share Via icon
  3. Click on Copy Link to Tweet
  4. Paste it above and click "Unroll Thread"!
  5. More info at Twitter Help
GemsOfINDOLOGY Profile picture
@GemsOfINDOLOGY
Aug 14, 2022 • 20 tweets • 18 min read • Read on X
Scrolly
1/ #Thread

#Sanskrit was not limited to India it was far spread upto Cambodia, Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam 2000 years ago let's see the reach in this #Thread
*Map not political
Src #wikiwand
#Archaeology Image
2/ The earliest surviving Sanskrit inscription is from Vo Canh inscription discovered near Nha Trang, Vietnam dates 3rd century ce
The inscription ordains grand daughter of King indicating a Matrilineal society.
#Archaeology
wikiwand.com/en/V%C3%B5_C%E…
m.phnompenhpost.com/post-plus/epig… ImageImage
3/ Yūpa Mulawarman (H!ndu king) inscription in Indonesia written by Brahm!ns in Pallava Script, Borneo, Kutai, Indonesia
Dates 4 century ce

This attests to the emergence of an Indianized state in the Indonesian archipelago.

wikiwand.com/en/Y%C5%ABpa#/… Image
4/ Kebon Kopi or 'Tapak Gajah inscription', Indonesia dating 5th century ce describes elephant ride of King Purnawarman of Tarumanagara, which is equated with Airavata, the elephant vahana (vehicle) of Indra.
#Archaeology
wikiwand.com/en/Kebon_Kopi_… ImageImage
5/ Tugu inscription in Pallava script in Sanskrit dates 5th century ce found in Batutumbuh hamlet, Tugu village, Koja, Indonesia

It describes hydraulic, irrigation and water drainage project of Chandrabhaga river by Rajadirajaguru

#Archaeology
wikiwand.com/en/Tugu_inscri… Image
6/ Cidanghiang inscription, also called Lebak inscription, from Tarumanagara kingdom, estimated to be from the 4th century CE, Banten, Indonesia
It is abt a king Purnawarman, with title vikrānta, who was worshiper of Lord Vishnu.
#Archaeology
wikiwand.com/en/Cidanghiang… ImageImage
7/ Prasasti Ciaruteun Inscription is 5th-century stone inscription discovered on the riverbed of Ciaruteun River, aWest Java, Indonesia.
The inscription states King Purnawarman is the ruler of Tarumanagara (An early H!ndu Kingdom)
#Archaeology
wikiwand.com/en/Ciaruteun_i…
#Archaeology Image
8/
 Sanskrit inscription in Early Pallava script on a stone lying on the Pasir kole-angkak hill, Jambu, to the west of Bogor, Indonesia
C.5th century ce

#Archaeology
…italcollections.universiteitleiden.nl/view/item/84279 Image
9/
 "Suvarnbhumi" "सुवर्णभूमि" found inscribed in 'Sanskrit' on a 7th century slab in Cambodia
#Archaeology Image
10/
 Indonesian non-royal Sanskrit inscription dating 7th century describing how Sankara fulfilled his promise to his father to house a Linga 'representation of Shiva'
#archaeology
brill.com/view/journals/… ImageImage
11/
 Ligor inscription is an 8th-century stone stele or inscription discovered in Ligor, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Southern Thailand Malay Peninsula.
written by Mahārāja dyāḥ Pañcapaṇa kariyāna Paṇaṃkaran, king of Shailendra dynasty
#archaeology
wikiwand.com/en/Ligor_inscr… Image
12/
 Sanskrit inscription found in Trowulan, Melang dating c.966 ce
#Archaeology
journals.openedition.org/archipel/1976 ImageImage
13/ Singapore Stone inscription written in Sanskrit 10th-13th century originally stood at the mouth of Singapore river to be blown by Britishers in 1843 to widen the river pathway

#archaeology
wikiwand.com/en/Singapore_S… Image
14/
 Few sanskrit writings found on pillars of Angkor Wat, Ta Nei, Kravan and Koh Ker temples Cambodia

#Archaeology
angkorphotographytours.com/blog/sanskrit-… Image
15/
More inscriptions at below link i skipped
wikiwand.com/en/Sanskrit_in…
15/
 Laguna copperplate inscription is an official acquittance inscribed onto a copper plate in the Shaka year 822 (Gregorian A.D. 900).
It is the earliest known calendar-dated document found within the #Philippines
#Archaeology #philippinehistory
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguna_Co… ImageImageImage
16/
Sawlumin inscription is one of the oldest surviving stone inscriptions in Myanmar. The slabs were mainly inscribed in Burmese, Pyu, Mon and Pali, and a few lines in #Sanskrit. the stele was founded in 1079 by King Saw Lu of Bagan.

#archaeology
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawlumin_… Image
17/
 5.1 Engraved copper sheet of Harsavarman with Sanskrit inscription K.964 found in the ancient moat of U Thong, #Thailand;
5.2. Stone inscription in Sanskrit K.1155 found at Ban Phan Dung, #Thailand
c.7-8th century

#Archaeology
researchgate.net/figure/51-Engr… Image
18/
 #Sanskrit Inscription found in Brunei, a tiny nation on the island of Borneo, in 2 distinct sections surrounded by Malaysia and the South China Sea Brunei

#Archaeology
jstor.org/stable/41492843 ImageImage
19/
 300 CE stone inscription in Sanskrit read
"This is a few feet like the feet of Vishnu. They are the glorious footprints of Purnawarman, the great king of the land of Taruma, the valiant king of the world.”
Bogor, Java, Indonesia
#archaeology
kris-keris.eu/page/mystiek Image

• • •

Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to force a refresh
　

Keep Current with GemsOfINDOLOGY

GemsOfINDOLOGY Profile picture

Stay in touch and get notified when new unrolls are available from this author!

Read all threads

This Thread may be Removed Anytime!

PDF

Twitter may remove this content at anytime! Save it as PDF for later use!

Try unrolling a thread yourself!

how to unroll video
  1. Follow @ThreadReaderApp to mention us!

  2. From a Twitter thread mention us with a keyword "unroll"
@threadreaderapp unroll

Practice here first or read more on our help page!

More from @GemsOfINDOLOGY

GemsOfINDOLOGY Profile picture
Dec 9
1/ They taught us the British ended Sati. Saved us from our barbarism. 🕊️

Then why did Sati cases spike from 1 in 8 years to 5000 per year under British rule?

Why did cases DROP under Mughal emperors?

Let's talk about the history they never taught you. 🧵 Image
2/ From 1900 BCE to 1900 CE—2,500 years—historians found fewer than 500 verified Sati incidents.

That's one every 8 years. Rare. Tragic. But rare.

Between 1813-1829, just 16 years under British rule, they documented THOUSANDS.

What changed? Image
3/ In 1813, British administrators LEGALIZED Sati.

They created two categories:
"Legal" Sati (voluntary)
"Illegal" Sati (forced)

By defining legal Sati, they gave official sanction. Approval.

Court of Directors later admitted Indians saw this as a RECOMMENDATION. 💰 Image
Read 12 tweets
GemsOfINDOLOGY Profile picture
Dec 6
1️⃣ The Taj Mahal was built using measurements from 3300 BCE.

Same unit. Same system. 5000 years apart.

Your history textbooks never mentioned this. Why? 🧵 Half clay Harappan brick slab engraved with "1.763 cm" beside the white marble Taj Mahal facade, split composition highlighting same measurement unit across 5,000 years
@narendramodi @PMOIndia @mygovindia @sanjeevsanyal @IndicMeenakshi 2️⃣ The Harappan civilization used the angula—a finger-width of exactly 1.763 cm.

That same unit designed the Taj Mahal in 1648 CE.

5000 years. Zero breaks. Uninterrupted architectural DNA. 🏛️ Hand pressing a weathered clay brick beside a translucent ruler marking 1.766 cm, highlighting a finger-width measurement used in ancient construction
3️⃣ Harappan bricks: 28×14×7 cm. Perfect 4:2:1 ratio.

Or in their terms: 16×8×4 angulas.

This wasn't art. It was engineering. Strength through geometry across every city—Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, Lothal. Rectangular fired clay brick with worn edges on a clear display stand, showcasing an ancient Harappan 4:2:1 proportion (approx. 28×14×7 cm).
Isometric drawing of brick wall sections with staggered Harappan-style 4:2:1 ratio bricks, dimensions marked and a single brick shown separately.
Read 11 tweets
GemsOfINDOLOGY Profile picture
Dec 5
🧵 The Bhagavata Purana tells a wild story about Ajamila—a Brahmin who spent 88 years sinning, then accidentally hacked moksha at his deathbed.

Yes, accidentally.

Let me explain. 🪷 Image
1/ Ajamila started pure. Born into a respectable Brahmin family, mastered the Vedas, lived virtuously with his devoted wife.

Textbook dharma. Perfect resume.

Then one day in the forest, he saw something that broke him. 👀 Image
2/ A beautiful, intoxicated courtesan Intimate with a low-caste man. Right there.

Ajamila's carefully constructed virtue collapsed in minutes.

Lust won. Dharma lost. 💔 Image
Read 9 tweets
GemsOfINDOLOGY Profile picture
Dec 2
🧵 Delhi chokes every winter. Politicians blame farmers. Farmers blame weather. Weather experts blame geography.

Nobody blames the real culprit: traffic mismanagement.

Here's the math they don't want you to see:

₹60,000 Cr lost annually. 37 deaths daily. 16 cigarettes worth of air per day.

The fix? ₹13,900 Cr. Payback? 11 months.

Every number below is sourced from IIT Kanpur, WHO, EPCA, CSE. Every solution has worked elsewhere. Every excuse has expired.

@BJP4India controls both centre and state. @gupta_rekha has 4 years left.

Let's see if data trumps inertia 👇 Bookmark and RT.Image
1) The damage — Quantified

- AQI 𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝟒𝟓𝟎–𝟓𝟓𝟎 during winter months (safar data)
- WHO: every 10 µg/m³ rise in pm2.5 increases mortality by 6–8%
- Delhi averages 𝟏𝟒𝟎–𝟏𝟖𝟎 µ𝐠/𝐦³ 𝐩𝐦𝟐.𝟓 — ~10× the safe limit
- A𝐧𝐧𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐛𝐮𝐫𝐝𝐞𝐧: ₹𝟔𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎–₹𝟔𝟓,𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐜𝐫 (moefcc + teri)
- P𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲: 13,752 deaths/year (gbd dataset)
- Exposure equivalent: 𝟏𝟔–𝟏𝟖 𝐜𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐬/𝐝𝐚𝐲

Sources of pm2.5 (IIT kanpur source apportionment):

- Vehicles: 𝟒𝟏%
- Road dust: 𝟐𝟏.𝟓%
- Industry: 18%
- Construction: 8%
- Waste burning: 6%
- Stubble burning: 𝟓.𝟓%
- Firecrackers: <1%

Here's the problem:

Everyone cites these percentages. No one asks 𝐰𝐡𝐲 vehicles contribute 41%. No one asks 𝐰𝐡𝐲 road dust is 21.5%. No one asks 𝐰𝐡𝐲 construction spikes PM by 8%.

The real question isn't WHAT pollutes.

It's WHY Delhi's vehicles pollute 3–4× more than vehicles in Mumbai, Bangalore, or Singapore.

WHY does road dust account for 21.5% here but <5% in Tokyo?

WHY does construction create such massive spikes?

The answer: 𝐬𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐬 𝐟𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐮𝐫𝐞.

This thread dissects the failure points—and presents engineered fixes with ROI under 12 months.Image
𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐅𝐈𝐂 𝐌𝐀𝐍𝐀𝐆𝐄𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐓 (𝐇𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐑𝐎𝐈, 𝐟𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧)

Vehicles aren't the problem.

How Delhi moves them is.

2) No-Parking-on-Crossings Enforcement

𝐂𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐱: ₹𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝐂𝐫 | 𝐀𝐧𝐧𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐁𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐭: ₹𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝐂𝐫 | 𝐑𝐎𝐈: <𝟗𝟎 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬

Delhi has 𝟏,𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬.

Blocked junctions slash throughput by 𝟑𝟎–𝟒𝟎% (CPWD traffic flow model).

Every car stuck at a choked crossing = idling engine.
Idle emissions at intersections = 𝟏𝟐–𝟏𝟓% 𝐨𝐟 𝐯𝐞𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐏𝐌𝟐.𝟓.

Intervention:

- AI-enabled camera network with ANPR
- Auto-challan ₹2,000 base penalty
- Tow enforcement on 500+ red-flagged intersections

Expected outcomes:

- 𝟏𝟑–𝟏𝟖% 𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐢𝐝𝐥𝐞-𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
- City-wide fuel savings: ~₹𝟐,𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐂𝐫/𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫

One blocked junction cascades into 12 surrounding roads. Clear the junction, clear the corridor.
Read 21 tweets
GemsOfINDOLOGY Profile picture
Nov 30
1/9
 Welcome to Jalore Fort, Rajasthan: the “Golden Fort” that literally glows at sunset yet remains invisible to 99.9 % of Indian tourists. Built to laugh at invaders, now dying of Instagram indifference. Classic. 🏜️✨
#SonarKila #GemsofASI
State protected monument number S-RJ-223,224Ancient hill fort ruins and white temple complex nestled in green valleys and rocky hills under a misty sky.
@UNESCO @narendramodi @PMOIndia @gssjodhpur @ASIGoI @MinOfCultureGoI 2/9
10th-century Paramaras: “Let’s park a fortress on a lone volcanic plug no army can climb.”
Result: Never fully conquered. Alauddin tried in 1311, lost 40,000 men, still had to bribe the gatekeeper. Peak medieval flex. Image
3/9
 Songara Chauhans take over, rename it Swarnagiri (“Hill of Gold”). Because when your walls shine like Fort Knox, subtlety is overrated. Meanwhile Delhi historians call it “a local disturbance”. Sure Jan.
Read 9 tweets
GemsOfINDOLOGY Profile picture
Nov 29
1️⃣ 🧵 While everyone obsesses over Hampi, let me tell you about Rayadurgam Fort.

16th century. 2,727 feet elevation. Anantapur district.

A fortress that survived Vijayanagara's collapse, Muslim invasions, Nayaka power plays, and Tipu Sultan's expansion now may not survive few more decades thanks to bureaucracy 😑

Yet most Indians have never heard of it. Here's why that's a problem. 🏰

#GemsofASI MNI#20 #Archaeology @AndraPradeshCM @asicircleImage
2️⃣ Built by Junga Nayaka under Vijayanagara rule, but the site's earlier story is messier.

Local Balija chiefs—the Rayadurgam Palegars—held this hill. Called "turbulent" by imperial records. The emperor sent officers to drive them out.

Once conquered? Renamed to "Bhupatirayakonda" (King's Hill).

Erasing rivals through nomenclature. Colonial Tale as old as time. #VijayanagaEmpire #IndianHistory #ForgottenFortsImage
3️⃣ The architecture isn't just impressive—it's brutal military logic in stone:

Multiple concentric walls. Nearly impregnable granite. 830m elevation advantage.

Four caves beneath the slope with stone doors carved with Siddha symbols.

Part of a network with Penugonda, Gutti, Madakasira.

This was Rayalaseema's defensive spine. 🗿
#AndhraHistory #VijayanagaraImage
Image
Image
Image
Read 11 tweets

Did Thread Reader help you today?

Support us! We are indie developers!

This site is made by just two indie developers on a laptop doing marketing, support and development! Read more about the story.

Become a Premium Member ($3/month or $30/year) and get exclusive features!

Become Premium

Don't want to be a Premium member but still want to support us?

Make a small donation by buying us coffee ($5) or help with server cost ($10)

Donate via Paypal

Or Donate anonymously using crypto!

Ethereum

0xfe58350B80634f60Fa6Dc149a72b4DFbc17D341E copy

Bitcoin

3ATGMxNzCUFzxpMCHL5sWSt4DVtS8UqXpi copy

Thank you for your support!

Follow Us!

Send Email!

:(