Thread by @TalhaGulbargavi

#battleofAinJalut #LongThread
In the 13th Century AD, the Tatars committed a great aggression against the Muslims on the Muslim lands, and as a result, the Caliph was killed, & 3/4 of the Muslim lands, including the capital Baghdad, came under the control of the Tatars.

At the Battle of Ain Jalut, he may have also been the first person to use explosive hand cannons in combat. The Mongol defeat set the stage for their subsequent withdrawal & then Conversion to Islam. The Battle was seminal as it protected both the Islamic world and Europe.

In these testing times, a great leader emerged. "Fatih Sultan" Mahmud Saif al-Din Qutz & the battle he won is known as "Ain Jalut". He was ably supported by his lieutenant Ruknuddin Baybars, who played a heroic role in implementing the war tactics of Mongols on themselves.

Why was it Important?
After the fall of Baghdad & Damascus, Tatars moved towards Egypt & Morocco, the last strongholds of the Muslims on earth, and if they were occupied, then there would be no barrier in front of the Mongols till they reached the Holy lands of Makkah & Medina.

The Mongol Chief "Katabagha" sent a threatening letter to Amir of Egypt. It read: "We have laid siege to land, orphaned the children, punished & killed people, destroyed honor of thr leaders. Do you think u can run away from us? in sometime, u wil know wat is coming towards you."

Emir Qutz, responded contrary to the other rulers. He killed the delegation & hung their bodies in Cairo, which boosted the morale of his forces & people.
When Qutz's reply arrived, Mongols realized that in Egypt they were facing a different kind of King.

Qutz had an idea of what kind of reaction might follow such an answer. So he started preparations. In order to achieve Unity, he sent Baybars, his brave & popular deputy, to scattered Muslim chieftains. Baybars was able to unite several emirs against the common enemy, Mongols.

On the Other hand, Qutz was also well aware of the importance of Islamic scholars and was also aware of their influence on the people. He appealed to the Ulema for help. The most important scholar who helped the Sultan was "Sultanul Ulama" Al-Azz bin Abdus Salam.

Practically the command of the forces was with #Baybars. its said that, Baybars used to say: "Let the time come, we will tell these barbarians that they are not the only ones who know how to fight, but there are also some people in the world who can snap their necks."

When Amir Rukn al-Din Baybars was informed of Halaku Khan's return, he immediately suggested Sultan Qutz to attack the Mongols, who then asked him to advance. Ruknuddin Baybars marched immediately and engaged the Mongol armies.

Qutz's main forces advanced towards the coast of Palestine (the last strongholds of the Crusaders). Here Qutz threatened the Crusaders to remain neutral. When the main Muslim forces Qutz & Baybars chose the battlefield themselves, in a valley surrounded by mountains.

Mongols finally reached the battlefield, which was surrounded by three sides. The battle began and the balance seemed to tilt towards the Tatar forces. The right wing of the Tatar forces began to dominate the left wing of the Muslim forces. Muslim forces started retreating.

In reality, however, Rukn al-Din Baybars had used the Mongols against their own tactics. Feigning retreat and Entrapping the enemy then ambushing and trapping the enemy in a narrow place was the style of war of the Tatars, which was used by Rukn-ud-din Baybars that day on them.

Mongol Kutabgha Khan, who was intoxicated by the past victories (some say 37), fell into the trick of Baybars. A safe Egyptian army ambushed the Mongols in the gorge. Disruption spread in the Mongol army and they were attacked by Muslims from two sides ( & Hand Canons)

Despite this the Mongols kept pressing, to boost the morale of his forces Qutz climbed a rock and threw off his helmet and called out "Wa Islama wa Islama", exhorting his forces to continue fighting and exhorting them not to retreat.

The Muslim forces looked at their leader Qutz who was wielding his sword & madly penetrating between the ranks of the enemy and immediately followed Qutz and the morale of the Muslim forces was restored. Within moments, the dice turned in favour of the Muslim forces.

Baybars massacred the Mongol army and beat them in a manner that had never been done to the Tatars before in history. Kutabgha Khan was captured by Baybars and killed. The Mongol army was completely killed or captured.

The news of Ain Jalut spread like wildfire. The Muslims revolted against the Mongols & news started coming from everywhere that the Muslims had begun to retake the cities. In this way, most of the occupied territories of Syria and Palestine were freed from Mongol rule.

Hulagu who has explicitly asked Katbugha to not to engage till he returned, ironically could never return to the syria and was engaged in Mongol (Tolouid) Civil war of Succession, where the Golden Horde defeated him Under Berke Khan ( who had become a Muslim).

Muslim historian Rashid-al-Din Hamadani quoted Berke Khan :
"He (Hulagu) has sacked all the cities of the Muslims, and has brought about the death of the Caliph. With the help of God I will call him to account for so much innocent blood."

In this way, the black storm that arose from Mongolia draining the blood of the oppressed Muslims for forty years reached its end at the hands of Sultan Qutuz & Emir Ruknuddin Baybars in the field of Ain Jalut. & Withdrawn by Berke Khan

Even after that, the Tatars attacked the Muslim territories several times, but the impression of their invincibility was lost and now the Muslims were fighting them everywhere. The continuous Tatar attacks on India and the successful defence of the Khiljis is an examples of it.

The Battle is a big example of Divine Intervention which some would call "Coincidence" Egypt was The last important fortress on the Holy Land of Hejaz and just before the war with Egypt, Monge Khan Died, making Hulago return to Mongolia, and freeing the hands of Berke Khan

So, Not only the Mamluks & Mongols but also the Divine Intervention had the biggest role in this battle. If it is said that this time, Allah protected Haramain Sharifain and Bayt al-Maqdis etc. with his soldiers, Instead of Ababeel, then it would not be wrong.

Ain Jalut is one of the most important battles in world history bcs it marked the Determination of future of Islamic & Western civilization. If Mongols had succeeded, Europe would be surrounded by the Mongols from Poland to Spain.

if you want to read this with better-worded explanation in one place, Here is the full article.. on @TheCognate_
thecognate.com/ain-jalut-the-…