This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials finds that fiber supplementation is likely to be effective at improving constipation, with psyllium, doses >10 g/d and treatment durations of at least 4 weeks appearing to be optimal.
- Psyllium supplements and fiber doses greater than 10 g/d were most effective at improving response to treatment, stool output, and straining, while treatment durations of 4 weeks or more were optimal for improving stool frequency and whole gut transit time.
- "However, there was a low number of studies and substantial heterogeneity between studies in the subgroup analyses...
"...This limits confidence in the interpretations of the findings of the subgroup analyses regarding the types and regimes of fiber supplementation...
"...It was also found that fiber may lead to increased flatulence, highlighting the need to address this with patients and apply strategies to mitigate this."
The Effect of Fiber Supplementation on Chronic Constipation in Adults: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (open access)

doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/n…

#nutrition #diet #fiber #fibre

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Sep 10
This one found average and slow walking pace to be associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes, independent of major confounding factors with these associations even being consistent across different physical activity levels and walking time. ImageImageImageImage
- Compared with brisk walking, average and slow walking paces were associated with a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes in both men and women, independent of sociodemographic factors, diet, adiposity, and physical activity level.
- Among people with average and slow walking paces, high levels of physical activity did not attenuate the excess type 2 diabetes risk attributable to slow walking pace.
Read 5 tweets
Sep 10
Using data from 3095 people living in Sweden, this one identified the most relevant predictors of 18-year mortality in individuals aged ≥60 years. ImageImage
- Individuals’ social connections and civil status were identified as meaningful predictors of mortality, as well as socio-environmental characteristics such as living conditions, civil status, and leisure activities.
- Physical function also had a strong prognostic role, as the functional status domain, encompassing several measures of physical performance and dependency, was the only single domain that showed comparable predictive performance to chronological age.
Read 12 tweets
Sep 10
Here, objectively-measured moderate and vigorous physical activity were found to be associated with lower risk of affective disorders, including depression and anxiety. ImageImageImage
- A higher level of physical activity was associated with lower risk of affective disorders up to 500 min of moderate and 120 min of vigorous physical activity per week.
- At an equivalent amount of time, vigorous physical activity was associated with lower risk of affective disorders than moderate physical activity.
Read 9 tweets
Sep 10
Here, any intensity of physical activity was associated with a decrease in total cholesterol, with higher MVPA being associated with reduced SBP, whereas higher LIPA being associated with decreased measures of adiposity, in individuals with coronary heart disease. Image
- 72 participants (predominantly males) with a mean age of 64 years were recruited to this 12-month observational study.
- Participants were included if they had stable CHD and were receiving optimal medical treatment ± revascularisation.
Read 10 tweets
Sep 10
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that exercise combined with a high protein intake is more likely to preserve fat-free mass than exercise alone during weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity, regardless of the weight loss approach used. ImageImage
- The study's aim was to investigate the effect of exercise training, protein, calcium, and vitamin D supplementation on the preservation of fat-free mass during non-surgical and surgical weight loss and of the combination of all interventions together in adults with obesity.
- Exercise Training + High Protein intervention was superior in every comparison and independent of the outcome and type of induced weight loss.
Read 12 tweets
Sep 10
This one found cardiorespiratory fitness to be associated with small, but beneficial changes in cerebrovascular hemodynamics in adults without CVD risk factors, but with men and women showing some differences in those benefits. Image
- Greater VO2peak was associated with small but beneficial changes in cerebrovascular hemodynamics in adults without CVD risk factors.
These included greater MCA conductance and pulsatile damping, and lower large artery stiffness, forward wave energy, and mean arterial pressure in the combined sample of males and females, with sex-specific associations in large artery stiffness and carotid pulse pressure.
Read 17 tweets

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