This Mendelian randomization study finds coffee consumption to be causally associated with risk of oesophageal cancer, with some evidence that this is related to a temperature effect.
- Augmented risk of oesophageal cancer was the main determinant of the increased digestive system cancers with coffee drinking reported in the present study.
- Interestingly, thermal injury to the oesophagus may also be an important oncogenesis driving factor.
The authors provided further evidence in support of the thermal injury hypothesis by demonstrating that oesophageal cancer risk is consistently augmented in all strata of hot beverage drinking.
Although the precision was limited in the very hot strata due to low power, it is also notable that the magnitude of the effect was largest for individuals in the two strata with preference for the warmest drinks.
- Similarly to coffee, genetically-predicted caffeine consumption was found to positively associated with an increased risk of GI cancer, oesophageal cancer and multiple myeloma, but inversely associated with risk of leukaemia.
Coffee consumption and cancer risk: a Mendelian randomisation study (open access)

doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu…

#coffee #caffeine #nutrition #diet #cancer

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Sep 10
This one found average and slow walking pace to be associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes, independent of major confounding factors with these associations even being consistent across different physical activity levels and walking time. ImageImageImageImage
- Compared with brisk walking, average and slow walking paces were associated with a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes in both men and women, independent of sociodemographic factors, diet, adiposity, and physical activity level.
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Sep 10
Using data from 3095 people living in Sweden, this one identified the most relevant predictors of 18-year mortality in individuals aged ≥60 years. ImageImage
- Individuals’ social connections and civil status were identified as meaningful predictors of mortality, as well as socio-environmental characteristics such as living conditions, civil status, and leisure activities.
- Physical function also had a strong prognostic role, as the functional status domain, encompassing several measures of physical performance and dependency, was the only single domain that showed comparable predictive performance to chronological age.
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Sep 10
Here, objectively-measured moderate and vigorous physical activity were found to be associated with lower risk of affective disorders, including depression and anxiety. ImageImageImage
- A higher level of physical activity was associated with lower risk of affective disorders up to 500 min of moderate and 120 min of vigorous physical activity per week.
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Sep 10
Here, any intensity of physical activity was associated with a decrease in total cholesterol, with higher MVPA being associated with reduced SBP, whereas higher LIPA being associated with decreased measures of adiposity, in individuals with coronary heart disease. Image
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- Participants were included if they had stable CHD and were receiving optimal medical treatment ± revascularisation.
Read 10 tweets
Sep 10
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that exercise combined with a high protein intake is more likely to preserve fat-free mass than exercise alone during weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity, regardless of the weight loss approach used. ImageImage
- The study's aim was to investigate the effect of exercise training, protein, calcium, and vitamin D supplementation on the preservation of fat-free mass during non-surgical and surgical weight loss and of the combination of all interventions together in adults with obesity.
- Exercise Training + High Protein intervention was superior in every comparison and independent of the outcome and type of induced weight loss.
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Sep 10
This one found cardiorespiratory fitness to be associated with small, but beneficial changes in cerebrovascular hemodynamics in adults without CVD risk factors, but with men and women showing some differences in those benefits. Image
- Greater VO2peak was associated with small but beneficial changes in cerebrovascular hemodynamics in adults without CVD risk factors.
These included greater MCA conductance and pulsatile damping, and lower large artery stiffness, forward wave energy, and mean arterial pressure in the combined sample of males and females, with sex-specific associations in large artery stiffness and carotid pulse pressure.
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