This one suggests that non- or low-responders to an exercise intervention prescribed at levels currently recommended for health may benefit by changing the exercise modality (i.e. from cardio to lifting or vice-versa).
- The aim of this article was to investigate which modality (lifting or cardio) has a greater effect on cardiovascular disease risk factors and whether the responder rate and concordance of response for change in those risk factors differs according to exercise modality.
- There was an the absence of substantial group mean changes in risk factors following either resistance or endurance training, but with a large proportion of individuals seeming to respond to either.
- Individuals who did not respond to one modality of exercise were typically able to respond to the alternate exercise modality.
"For the CV risk factor outcomes reported in the current paper, we also observed that 39–59% (range across all variables) of individuals who did not respond to RES, changed their response to training by switching to END...
"...Similarly, 28–54% (range across all variables) of individuals who did not respond to END, changed their response by switching to RES...
"...We therefore conclude that modification of exercise modality in subjects who initially appear to respond modestly, can provide a powerful approach to optimising the benefits of training."
Endurance versus resistance training in treatment of cardiovascular risk factors: A randomized cross-over trial (open access)
This one found average and slow walking pace to be associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes, independent of major confounding factors with these associations even being consistent across different physical activity levels and walking time.
- Compared with brisk walking, average and slow walking paces were associated with a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes in both men and women, independent of sociodemographic factors, diet, adiposity, and physical activity level.
- Among people with average and slow walking paces, high levels of physical activity did not attenuate the excess type 2 diabetes risk attributable to slow walking pace.
Using data from 3095 people living in Sweden, this one identified the most relevant predictors of 18-year mortality in individuals aged ≥60 years.
- Individuals’ social connections and civil status were identified as meaningful predictors of mortality, as well as socio-environmental characteristics such as living conditions, civil status, and leisure activities.
- Physical function also had a strong prognostic role, as the functional status domain, encompassing several measures of physical performance and dependency, was the only single domain that showed comparable predictive performance to chronological age.
Here, objectively-measured moderate and vigorous physical activity were found to be associated with lower risk of affective disorders, including depression and anxiety.
- A higher level of physical activity was associated with lower risk of affective disorders up to 500 min of moderate and 120 min of vigorous physical activity per week.
- At an equivalent amount of time, vigorous physical activity was associated with lower risk of affective disorders than moderate physical activity.
Here, any intensity of physical activity was associated with a decrease in total cholesterol, with higher MVPA being associated with reduced SBP, whereas higher LIPA being associated with decreased measures of adiposity, in individuals with coronary heart disease.
- 72 participants (predominantly males) with a mean age of 64 years were recruited to this 12-month observational study.
- Participants were included if they had stable CHD and were receiving optimal medical treatment ± revascularisation.
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that exercise combined with a high protein intake is more likely to preserve fat-free mass than exercise alone during weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity, regardless of the weight loss approach used.
- The study's aim was to investigate the effect of exercise training, protein, calcium, and vitamin D supplementation on the preservation of fat-free mass during non-surgical and surgical weight loss and of the combination of all interventions together in adults with obesity.
- Exercise Training + High Protein intervention was superior in every comparison and independent of the outcome and type of induced weight loss.
This one found cardiorespiratory fitness to be associated with small, but beneficial changes in cerebrovascular hemodynamics in adults without CVD risk factors, but with men and women showing some differences in those benefits.
- Greater VO2peak was associated with small but beneficial changes in cerebrovascular hemodynamics in adults without CVD risk factors.
These included greater MCA conductance and pulsatile damping, and lower large artery stiffness, forward wave energy, and mean arterial pressure in the combined sample of males and females, with sex-specific associations in large artery stiffness and carotid pulse pressure.