Discover and read the best of Twitter Threads about #cardio
Most recents (24)
This one not only brings forth evidence that challenges the current crossover concept, it also suggests that low-carb diets may also reverse features of pre-diabetes and future metabolic disease risk. 
- The article (mostly) used data from these two papers:
- The data from these studies sheds doubt to the popular concept that human athletes are unable to extract any meaningful degree of energy from fat oxidation during exercise at intensities >85%VO2max.
This systematic overview suggests that the literature overall confirms the existence of the physical activity paradox in healthcare workers.
- The physical activity paradox states that even though leisure-time (particularly moderate-to-vigorous) physical activity promotes health, more relative time spent on (particularly moderate-to-vigorous) physical activity during work seems to impair health.
- This systematic overview found that, in healthcare workers, occupational physical activity is primarily conducted at light to moderate-intensity and leisure-time physical activity at light- to high intensity.
In this one, sedentary behavior was found associated with biological aging acceleration.
- The study used a novel biological aging measure, phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel), that has been recently developed based on multisystem clinical biomarkers.
PhenoAgeAccel is calculated by age and nine biomarkers including albumin, creatinine, glucose, C-reactive protein, lymphocyte percentage, mean cell volume, red cell distribution width, alkaline phosphatase and white blood cell count.
This review focuses on the role of mitochondria in skeletal muscle myogenesis/regeneration and repair.
Keypoints:
- Mitochondrial dysfunction limits muscle regeneration.
In this one, interrupting periods of what otherwise would be prolonged sitting every 30 minutes for 3 minutes of resistance training led to reductions in postprandial glucose and insulin response by 32% and 26%, respectively.
- In this randomized crossover study, 30 participants with a mean age of 25.4 years completed two intervention arms, beginning at ~1700 h: prolonged sitting for 4 h; and sitting with regular activity breaks of 3 min of resistance exercises every 30 min.
- Interrupting periods of prolonged sitting by regularly performing resistance exercise breaks in the evening reduces postprandial glucose and insulin response in the overall study population by 32% and 26% respectively.
The findings of this one may suggest that individuals with lower habitual exercise and/or higher fasting concentrations of PYY are more likely to show a compensatory increase in energy intake for energy expended in exercise.
- The present study aimed to identify predictors of post-exercise energy intake and compensation in healthy adults following a single 45-min aerobic exercise bout.
- Individuals with lower habitual exercise and/or higher fasting concentrations of PYY ate more after an acute exercise bout, even after accounting for the energy expended during the exercise bout.
In this one, cardiorespiratory fitness was found to be associated with a lower risk of incident Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, with the association being graded in nature so that a higher level of fitness was associated with a lower level of risk.
- The study examined the association between cardiorespiratory fitness expressed in METs and incident Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias in a large national cohort of US veterans with a mean age of 60.5 years during up to 20 years of follow-up.
- The study’s findings demonstrated an inverse, graded association between cardiorespiratory fitness and the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias regardless of sex or race.
Using data from the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease study, this one suggests that high cardiorespiratory fitness levels may attenuate the increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in individuals with elevated systolic blood pressure in men aged 42–61 years.
- The Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease study is an ongoing population-based prospective cohort study that was designed to investigate risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
- The study recruited a general population sample of 2682 men aged 42–61 years who were residents in eastern Finland.
In this one, low muscle muscle mass, as measured by the skeletal muscle mass index, combined with further muscle losses within a period of 2 years was associated with diabetes occurrence in Chinese individuals with a mean age of 57.7 years.
- Baseline skeletal muscle mass index was associated with future diabetes incidence, but only in adults with impaired glucose tolerance.
- Higher muscle loss rates were associated with an over 2-fold risk of developing diabetes after adjusting for baseline skeletal muscle mass index and other risk factors in adults with normal glucose tolerance and impaired glucose regulation.
This one found that well-trained midlife recreational cyclists are more likely to have lower levels of fat infiltration and greater muscle mass for the two main gluteal muscles, suggesting that regular exercise may help preserve muscle health during ageing.
- This study aimed to examine the benefits of cycling in terms of muscle health by comparing muscle health markers of two middle-aged men groups with different lifestyles:
...a group that has adopted cycling as their main recreational physical activity and a group of physically inactive subjects.
In this one, a higher muscle-to-fat ratio was associated with markers suggesting better cardiometabolic health, including blood pressure, serum lipids, blood glucose and serum uric acid among Chinese adults, especially in individuals with overweight or obesity.
- Finally, some sex/age differences were observed, with females being more likely to be affected by the muscle-to-fat ratio.
In males, muscle-to-fat ratio was more likely to affect those in the 30–39 years group.
In this one, low-load (30–40% 1RM) ballistic exercise was found to be more effective in inducing a delayed neuromuscular potentiation effect and improve ballistic performance after 24 hours compared with high-load (≥85% 1RM) traditional resistance exercise.
- Ballistic exercise was associated with improved CMJ performance after 24 hours.
- Interestingly, the high-load traditional resisistance exercise protocol was not effective in improving neuromuscular performance after 24 hours.
This narrative review tries to determine the potential impact of dietary Arginine and citrulline supplements, including citrulline malate, on cardiovascular health and exercise performance.
- "Taken together, the results of studies conducted on both recreational athletes and trained athletes show that supplementing with 0.075 g or 6 g of Arg per kg body weight did not enhance physical performance and perceptual feeling of exercise or increase NO synthesis...
"...In addition, consuming 2.4 to 6 g of Cit per day for 7 to 16 days of various NSs increased NO synthesis, improved athletic performance, and reduced feelings of exertion...
This one in twins finds that active individuals are more likely to have an intramyocellular lipid phenotype resembling that of athletes.
- Findings also suggested that efficient BCAA catabolism together with BCAA availability are crucial for this intramyocellular lipid phenotype to occur.
To put this into perspective, metabolic syndrome is more than often accompanied by impaired BCAA catabolism.
Using accelerometer data and hierarchical cluster analysis to identify distinct activity patterns in Canadian working adults, this study found that higher physical activity patterns are associated with better cardiometabolic health profiles.
- The cardiometabolic risk markers assessed were: waist circumference, non-HDL cholesterol and systolic & diastolic blood pressure.
- Six distinct accelerometer-measured activity patterns were identified:
In this one, mouth rinsing, regardless of the type of solution (either carbohydrate or a placebo), enhanced endurance running performance for trained runners in a warm-humid environment when compared to no rinsing.
- However, there was no ergogenic beneft of rinsing a carbohydrate solution when compared to a placebo solution.
- "The improvement in exercise performance in the mouth rinsing trials observed in this study is believed to be attributed to the reduction of perception of effort...
In this one, the ingestion of 24 g post-workout protein blend (beef and whey) mixed with orange juice over 10 weeks attenuated cellular immune infallmation markers compared to the ingestion of an isocaloric carbohydrate drink alone in endurance cross-country athletes.
- The participants were randomly allocated into two equal-size treatment groups: protein–carbohydrate (PRO-CHO, n=15) or carbohydrate only (CHO, n=15).
- The athletes performed a 10 week intervention period involving five or six training sessions per week with an average duration of 44.8± 4.5 min per session.
The findings of this one suggest that a progressively decreasing intensity resistance training protocol from set to set can elicit a more positive effect of enjoyment within a session, leading to long term maintenance of exercise behavior, without sacrificing training load.
- The study compared the effects of an increasing intensity and a decreasing-intensity resistance training protocol on affective responses across six training sessions.
- Participants in the increasing intensity group reported an increase in feeling displeasure after each set, whereas those in the decreasing group reported increases in pleasure after every set.
Here, an energy-dense keto-friendly energy bar consumed 3 hours before exercise was similarly effective in sustaining ∼1 hour of steady-state incline rucking under 30% of body weight load, compared with an isocaloric serving of carbohydrate energy bars.
- Recreationally active and healthy males consumed 1000 kcal derived from a novel, energy-dense (percentage energy from carbohydrate/fat/protein: 5/83/12) ketogenic bar, or isocaloric high-carbohydrate bars (CB; 61/23/16) 3ours h before a time-to-exhaustion ruck.
- The ingestion of the keto-friendly energy bar increased fat oxidation, whereas the carbohydrate energy bars increased mean carbohydrate oxidation:
This one failed to find a reduction in nonexercise physical activity after exercise, after either a bout of resistance or aerobic exercise.
- A reduction in nonexercise physical activity after exercise may reduce the effectiveness of exercise interventions on weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity.
- The purpose of this secondary analysis was to examine the effect of a single bout of aerobic or resistance exercise on nonexercise physical activity and sedentary behavior in inactive adults with overweight or obesity.
This one suggests that both HIIT and moderate-to-vigorous intensity continuous training can be effective in helping patients with coronary artery disease and co-morbidities to reduce adverse cardiac events risk by regulating the levels of certain inflammation-related markers.
- The objective of this study was to compare the anti-inflammatory potential of moderate-to-vigorous intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training in patients with CAD with or without type 2 diabetes.
- Both training modalities yielded decreases in plasma cytokine concentrations (FGF21, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-18), suggesting that the 12-week exercise interventions were sufficient to reduce chronic inflammation in these patients.
This one suggests that a small ventricle is a key factor that contributes to low midlife cardiorespiratory fitness in women, which may explain the predisposition of some women to functional impairment, exertional breathlessness, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
- In this study, in healthy women free of overt cardiovascular disease and a mean age of 51 years, ventricular size was found associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiac reserve, suggesting that small ventricle is a key factor that contributes to low midlife CRF:
A strong positive relationship between ventricular size and cardiorespiratory fitness was observed.
The findings of this one suggest that the risk of major depressive disorder may be lowered, even among individuals with a high genetic risk, by a higher strength, as measured by grip strength.
- Individuals with low genetic risk and high grip strength had a lower incidence of major depressive disorder compared with individuals with high genetic risk and low grip strength.
- Individuals with high genetic risk and high grip strength also had a lower incidence of major depressive disorder compared with individuals with high genetic risk and low grip strength.
This is the last part of the series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses that this group performs in an effort to synthesize the evidence that links physical activity with breast cancer risk.
This is the protocol:
This is the first part of the series, focusing on the effect of physical activity on sex steroid hormones in women:
