Discover and read the best of Twitter Threads about #cardio
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The findings of this one in mice suggest that dietary nitrate is capable of preserving mitochondrial bioenergetics during skeletal muscle disuse, and maintain mitochondrial-specific function during short-term (but not long-term) limb immobilization. 
- Skeletal muscle disuse reduces muscle protein synthesis rates and induces atrophy, events associated with decreased mitochondrial respiration and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS).
- Since dietary nitrate can improve mitochondrial bioenergetics, this study examined whether nitrate supplementation attenuates disuse-induced impairments in mitochondrial function and muscle protein synthesis rates.
This one found that among patients with newly diagnosed diabetes, a reduction in exercise frequency was related to increases in the risk of pneumonia and upper respiratory tract infection in Korean adults.
- The risks of both pneumonia and upper respiratory tract infection increased when moderate-to-vigorous physical activity frequency was reduced from ≥ 5 times of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity/week to a state of physical inactivity.
- However, a reduction in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity frequency from ≥ 5 to < 5 times/week only increased the risk of pneumonia.
This one in mice suggests that chronic inflammation, and specifically IL-6 levels, may lead to increases in frailty and physical decline due to skeletal muscle changes that are mediated by changes in mitochondrial regulation and autophagy.
- This study focuses on a humanized inducible IL-6 model "due to the significant homology between mouse and human IL-6 at the amino acid level".
- The goal of this study was to better understand the role of IL-6 in frailty.
The findings of this one suggest that dietary carbohydrate and exercise may generate independent and interactive effects on the plasma metabolome, resulting in the generation of distinct metabolic phenotypes that may influence appetite regulation and perhaps energy intake.
- This study aimed to determine the interactive effects of carbohydrate and exercise on the plasma hormonal and metabolite responses and explore potential mediators of exercise-induced changes in appetite and energy intake across nutritional states.
- In a randomised-crossover fashion, 12 male participants completed four study visits that involved the consumption of a control (water) or carbohydrate beverage (75 g maltodextrin, 300 kcal), followed by a 30-minute rest or exercise session (75% V'O2max on a cycle ergometer).
In this one, low upper and lower limb strength were associated with higher all-cause mortality risk in Chinese older adults with a mean age of 84.98 years.
- This study aimed to examine the association of upper limb strength and lower limb strength with all cause mortality based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.
- Participants were 2442 older adults (aged 84.98 ± 11.94 years) recruited from eight longevity areas in China.
In this one, a multimodal exercise training intervention was found to be an effective strategy in improving muscular strength, agility, dynamic balance and depressive symptoms in men with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease.
- The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of multimodal exercise training on aerobic endurance, muscular strength, agility, dynamic balance, cognitive status, and depressive symptoms in men with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease.
- A total of 25 elderly men with a diagnosis of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease were randomly categorized into a a multimodal exercise training program or a control group.
The findings of this one suggest that physical activity, especially light physical activity, may buffer the negative association between stress and affective wellbeing.
- This study investigated the associations of both subjectively and objectively measured physical activity with stress experiences and affective wellbeing.
- A total of 90 university students participated in a 10-day experience sampling and diary study during their examination period and reported about stress experiences, physical activity, and affective states.
In this one in middle-aged Japanese individuals, body cell mass, a metabolically active component of Fat-Free Mass and a representative biomarker of muscle cell mass, was associated cardiorespiratory fitness, as measured by V'O2peak.
- Fat-free mass (FFM) is a heterogeneous compartment comprising body cell mass (BCM), intracellular water (ICW), extracellular solids, and extracellular water (ECW).
- Fat-free mass (FFM), considering as a metabolically active compartment of the human body, is often used to adjust for differences in resting or exercise-state energy metabolism, including maximal oxygen uptake (V'O2peak), to account for body composition.
Here, one year of protein supplementation in comparison to an isocaloric-control supplement appeared to affect neither the muscle protein synthesis rate at basal or postprandial state nor the skeletal muscle metabolomein healthy older Danes.
- The skeletal muscle mass decreases with age and the responsiveness of aging muscles protein synthesis rate to protein intake seems to deteriorate.
- This study investigated the impact of 12 months of protein supplementation with or without physical exercise training on the basal and postprandial muscle protein synthesis and the skeletal muscle metabolome of healthy older Danes (> 65 years, 29 females/37 males).
This one in elite male soccer players finds that changes in muscle oxygen saturation rates coincide with inflections in blood lactate concentrations.
- Monitoring muscle metabolic activity via blood lactate is a useful tool for understanding the physiological response to a given exercise intensity.
- The study tested the hypotheses that:
The findings of this one suggest that mechanical loading during medium-weight squats (40% to 60% of 1RM) might be an effective training stimulus to promote anabolic patellar tendon responses and improve tendon mechanical and morphological properties.
- Tendon strain during exercise is a critical regulatory factor in tendon adaptive responses and there are indications for an optimal range of strain that promotes tendon adaptation.
- Back squats are used to improve patellar tendon properties in sport and clinical settings.
This one found a bidirectional, dose-response relationship between handgrip strength and cognitive function in a multinational, European population with a mean age of 68.42 years.
- This study tried to analyze the longitudinal association between handgrip strength and cognitive performance in different cognitive functions according to sex in a European multicentric population.
- A longitudinal and bidirectional relationship between handgrip strength and three different cognitive functions was observed.
This umbrella review finds that the evidence from meta-analyses of Randomised Controlled Trials overall suggests that resistance training is likely to be a suitable intervention for persons with sarcopenic obesity, although the results may be suboptimal, in general.
- This is the first umbrella review on sarcopenic obesity conducted to provide comprehensive insights into the effectiveness of different nutrition and exercise interventions for adults.
- Four systematic reviews with between 30 to 225 participants were included in the umbrella review.
In this one, an intervention of 200 minute of walking per day was associated with profound effects on the metabolic profile of the participant, a reduced body weight, similar in magnitude to that seen after bariatric surgery, and increased fatty acid beta-oxidation.
- This was a feasibility study of a subject who performed an exercise intervention of low-intensity, non-fatiguing walking on a deskmill/treadmill for 200 minutes daily, approximately the average time a German spends watching television per day, for 6 days a week, for 4 weeks.
- Data suggested that walking can have a profound effect on the metabolism of a person – an effect that is visible both acutely as well as after 1.5 days.
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that neither high-repetition strength training interventions nor low-repetition strength training interventions are likely to result in improved performance over a 4- to 12-week period in well-trained endurance athletes.
- Training programs for endurance athletes typically incorporate some form of resistance training to improve performance and reduce likelihood of injury.
- Resistance training may take a variety of different formats based on the load, volume, rest period, and velocity of an exercise:
This study aimed to identify risk phenotypes for sarcopenia in apparently healthy youth aged 10–18 years, using clustering analysis procedures based on body composition and musculoskeletal fitness.
- Two risk phenotypes for sarcopenia were identified in apparently healthy young people:
* a low lean body mass index phenotype with low BMI
* a lean body mass/fat body mass ratio phenotype with high BMI and fat body mass index.
* a low lean body mass index phenotype with low BMI
* a lean body mass/fat body mass ratio phenotype with high BMI and fat body mass index.
In both risk phenotypes, musculoskeletal fitness was low.
The findings of this study suggest sport-specific cardiac adaptations.
- Prolonged QT dispersion derived from electrocardiograms has been used as an indicator of abnormal ventricular repolarization for several cardiac diseases.
- An increased QT dispersion has been documented in patients with arterial hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy.
The findings of this one suggest that weight loss during a high-intensity exercise program is likely to lead to improved substrate oxidation during exercise.
- This study is a secondary analysis of the “Effects of SIT on substrate oxidation in adults living with and without obesity: i-FLEX study”...
...a clinical trial investigating changes in substrate oxidation and insulin sensitivity following 4 weeks of sprint interval training (SIT) between individuals with and without obesity.
In this one, a quadriceps-focused exercise program and a hip-focused exercise program provided equivalent effectiveness for improvements in symptoms and function in patients with patellofemoral pain.
- The aim of this study was to assess effectiveness equivalence between a focused ‘Quadriceps Exercise’ protocol and a focused ‘Hip Exercise’ protocol on symptoms and function in patients with patellofemoral pain.
- The exercise interventions lasted for 12 weeks with 3 weekly home-based exercise sessions consisting of three sets of 8–12 repetitions.
Interestingly, this one suggests that low-intensity walking with the addition of blood flow restriction shares acute metabolic characteristics similar to loaded walking with 15% of body mass in adult males.
- Twelve healthy adult males completed five bouts of 3-min treadmill walking at 4.8 km/h with 1-min rest interval under three different conditions:
1) blood flow restriction
2) loaded with 15% of body mass
3) loaded with 15% of body mass with blood flow restriction
2) loaded with 15% of body mass
3) loaded with 15% of body mass with blood flow restriction
In this one, ketone ester supplementation was associated with increases in circulating dopamine concentration, and improvements in mental alertness and post-exercise muscular inflammation in ultra-endurance exercise.
- This study explored the potential of ketone ester intake to elevate systemic dopamine concentrations and psychocognitive functioning in an ultra endurance running event.
- As a secondary aim the study also looked at the effect of exogenous ketosis on muscle repair and recovery of functional capacity following the event.
Interestingly, the findings of this one suggest that individuals who exercise are more susceptible to decompression sickness.
- When the ambient pressure and, thus, the pressure in the body’s tissues is markedly and rapidly reduced, decompression sickness can occur.
- Decompression sickness may develop in conjunction with diving, flying and extravehicular space activities (“space walks”).
The findings of this one suggest that even though exercise may be beneficial for some aspects of children's cognition (information processing speed), those with higher levels of habitual physical activity may also benefit in other aspects too (executive control efficiency).
- A 15 min bout of physical exercise benefited children's overall information processing speed the most, whereas the efficiency of executive control and other attention networks (alerting and orienting) was unaffected by the duration of the bout.
- However, exercise duration affected the interactive functioning of executive control and orienting networks in more active children, suggesting that the dose–response relation of interest may be moderated by children's habitual physical activity level.
This review tries to address the ideal duration and intensity of physical activity, and the types of exercise for optimizing lifelong cardiovascular health, longevity, and healthspan.
Summary:
- Physical fitness is the single best predictor of life expectancy and healthspan. Try to achieve and maintain a high level of physical fitness throughout life.
