The findings of this one support that even plant-based unhealthy dietary choices can be harmful towards metabolic health, as they exhibit a positive association with liver steatosis prevalence. 
- The overall plant-based dietary index (PDI), the healthful plant-based dietary index (hPDI) and the unhealthful plant-based dietary index (uPDI) were used to assess one's diet.
- The PDI corresponds to the overall adherence to a plant-based dietary pattern irrespective to the quality of plant-based products consumed.
- The hPDI expresses the level of adherence to a plant based dietary pattern characterized by healthy plant based choices such as fruits, vegetables, whole grain products etc.
- The uPDI expresses the level of adherence to a plant based pattern high in refined grains, sweets and desserts and other unhealthy food choices.
- An increasing level of adherence to an overall plant based dietary was associated with lower non alcoholic fatty liver prevalence.
- This association, indicative of a protective effect of the plant-based dietary pattern, was found considerably stronger when adhering to a healthier version of the plant-based dietary pattern.
- But, the association became deleterious when adhering to a less healthy version of the plant-based index.
More specifically, a positive association of uPDI with odds for non alcoholic fatty liver was observed, but this association did not reach the level of statistical significance when adjusted for potential confounders.
This may suggest that, to a large extent, the association between unhealthful plant diet and non alcoholic fatty liver is in part mediated by associations of unhealthful diet with components of the metabolic syndrome that also predispose to its development.
- Along with adherence, the association of non alcoholic fatty liver with PDI, hPDI and uPDI scores as well as animal, healthy and unhealthy plant foods was examined.
- As before, higher PDI and hPDI scores were both found negatively associated, while higher uPDI scores was found to be positively associated with non alcoholic fatty liver prevalence.
- When healthy plant foods, unhealthy plant foods and animal foods were examined against non alcoholic fatty liver prevalence, there was an inverse association for healthy plant foods and positive associations for animal foods and less healthy plant foods.
- Finally, analysis of the 10-year follow-up revealed that non alcoholic fatty liver is associated with a higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes, and that this association may be alleviated by increasing the level of adherence to a plant-based diet...
...mainly by increasing the healthy and decreasing the unhealthy plant food choices.
More specifically, presence of non alcoholic fatty liver at baseline was associated with 2.95 times higher risk to develop type 2 diabetes within the decade.
No significant interaction was observed between non alcoholic fatty liver and plant-based dietary indices on type 2 diabetes onset.
Even though the positive association role of non alcoholic fatty liver on long-term type 2 diabetes onset was retained in all cases, the effect-size was higher in case of PDI and hPDI below the median (low adherence to overall and healthy plant-based diet)...
...as well as in case of uPDI above the median (high adherence to unhealthy plant-based diet).
Quality of plant-based diets is associated with liver steatosis, which predicts type 2 diabetes incidence ten years later: Results from the ATTICA prospective epidemiological study
doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu…
#nutrition #diet #NAFLD #MAFLD #Diabetes
doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu…
#nutrition #diet #NAFLD #MAFLD #Diabetes
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