UNIT PROFILE – U.S. ARMY INDIAN SCOUTS #NativeAmericanHeritageMonth
Instrumental to U.S. Army success in the post-Civil War Indian Wars were the Indian Scouts, an enlisted cadre of Native Americans who performed reconnaissance and auxiliary duties.
The Indian Scouts supplied desperately needed knowledge of the terrain and enemy belligerents to an Army short on expertise and struggling to accomplish its mission. Indian Scouts were essential to Army’s efforts across the greater frontier.
The settlement of the frontier by the close of the 19th century spelled the end for the Indian Scouts and their unique place in Army history; the service slowly declined until coming to a practical end by the beginning of World War One.
During their time in Army service, Indian Scouts earned 16 Medals of Honor; a small part of their legacy has been carried into the present day by U.S. Army Special Forces, whose crossed arrows insignia was originally designated for use by the Indian Scouts in 1890.
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24-25 November 1863 - BATTLES OF CHATTANOOGA #CivilWar
After defeating Union Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans at Chickamauga in Sept., Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg's Army of Tennessee took up positions south and east of Chattanooga, TN. on Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge.
The CSA force lay siege to Rosecrans' Army of the Cumberland in the city, cutting it off its rail access. The War Dept. dispatched about 20,000 men under Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker from the Army of the Potomac by rail in late Sept. to relieve the beleaguered Union army.
In late Oct., Hooker attacked CSA positions southwest of Chattanooga to restore rail access. Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant arrived and took overall command; Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman led Grant's Army of the Tennessee, while Maj. Gen. George Thomas replaced Rosecrans.
While the holiday has roots dating back to the Pilgrims and post-harvest celebrations, it wasn’t until the late 17th century that a Thanksgiving-style holiday became customary throughout New England.
The New England colonists were accustomed to regularly celebrating "thanksgivings"—days of prayer thanking God for blessings. During the revolution, the Continental Congress decided to declare several days of thanksgiving to help inspire our troops to victory.
WEDNESDAY WISDOM - THANKSGIVING PROCLAMATION
"In the midst of a Civil War," President Lincoln felt compelled to offer a Proclamation to the nation expressing his thoughts about why a national day of Thanksgiving is needed.
Like some of his predecessors, this was done in a time of war as a way to express gratitude for our forces' victories and for the blessings of the American people.
This proclamation in 1863 began the official annual holiday of Thanksgiving we celebrate today. It reads, in part
"The year that is drawing toward its close has been filled with the blessings of fruitful fields and healthful skies... these bounties...can not fail to penetrate and soften even the heart which is habitually insensible to the ever-watchful providence of Almighty God.
28 JUNE 1918 BIRTHDAY of the US ARMY CHEMICAL CORPS BRANCH
Established as the U.S. Chemical Warfare Service (CWS) on 28 June 1918 during #WWI, the Chemical Corps was originally tasked with delivering chemical weapons against the enemy.
In #WWII CWS units assumed a variety of non-chemical warfare related missions, including incendiary weapons like flame throwers and flame tanks, smoke generation, and chemical mortar battalions firing high explosive, illumination and smoke rounds.
On 2 Aug 1946, the CWS was re-designated the U.S. Army Chemical Corps. The post-war corps assumed responsibility for biological warfare (BW) defense and relinquished its mortars to the infantry after the Korean War.
28 JUNE 1778 - BATTLE OF MONMOUTH - #RevolutionaryWar
On 18 June 1778, LT General Sir Henry Clinton, British Commander, ordered Philadelphia evacuated, and led 10,000 of his men and a large baggage train on an overland march to New York City.
Gen George Washington had his Main Army follow closely behind, looking for an opportunity to strike the British. On the morning of 28 June, the American advance guard, commanded by Maj Gen Charles Lee, attacked Clinton's rear guard.
Although they outnumbered their foe then on the field, Lee lacked confidence in his men and failed to press his early advantage. Maj Gen Lord Charles Cornwallis, commander of the British army's rear division, counter-attacked. The confused Americans began to retreat.
SOLDIER PROFILES – ONLY THREE RECIPIENTS OF THE BADGE OF MILITARY MERIT
The Purple Heart is one of America’s most iconic military decorations, awarded to service members in recognition of injuries sustained while in service.
The decoration’s origins lay in the Revolutionary War, when General George Washington created the Badge of Military Merit, the first military decoration intended expressly to be awarded to enlisted men.
Three badges were awarded at the end of the Revolutionary War. On May 3, 1783, Sgt. Elijah Churchill and Cpl. William Brown received badges from Gen. Washington at Continental Army HQ in Newburgh, New York. Sergeant Daniel Bissell, Jr., received the award on June 10, 1783.