1/ Alright, let's chat the #NHANES (IV)

As usual, I'll give my caveats this is back-of-the-envelope on data I wrangled via CDC on this expansive dataset -- and it's associational, ofc (observational)

So what are the lipids like for those who live to 100yr in NHANES?
2/ Remember, these aren't the lipid levels taken *at* age 100+, it's what their levels where at the time of examination 15-20 years prior.

This is very relevant when considering reverse causality given this extreme gap in time for all who were reaching centenarian status.
3/ First up -- #LDL #Cholesterol.

Yes, 73% of you correctly guessed 130mg/dL is the mean average for these 32 individuals (lipids taken age 85 or earlier).

LDL mean average: 130 mg/dL

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
72.0 102.5 126.0 154.0 215.0

4/ For #HDL #Cholesterol, the correct mean is 57, which 31% of you got correctly. (Yes I had a much higher number as a red herring, but 57% is actually high by modern standards.

HDL mean avg: 57 mg/dL

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
35 51 56 64 117
5/ Surprise! The correct answer for #triglycerides was 127 mg/dL. Typo on my part, but the "121" is the closest answer and just 8% got that one.

TG mean avg: 127 mg/dL

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
55.00 83.75 102.00 150.25 346.00

6/ Again, we only have 19 centenarians who had their fasting insulin taken. But for those the mean was 9, which 16% guessed correctly.

Fasting insulin mean avg: 9 uU/mL

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
1.650 6.745 7.520 10.235 23.890
7/ Again -- with emphasis -- these are observational data.

Epi data isn't great at proving causality, but gets more compelling when very high on the Bradford Hill criteria.

That said, it can be good at knocking down assertions of causality, esp when going the other direction...
8/ One final note:

There are likely many more centenarians in NHANES than the ones I covered above, but they can't be confirmed with certainty. The reason for this is complicated, but I'll likely explain why and do an analysis on that group as well when I have time.
9/ As always, I point to our ongoing research #LMHRs given their extremely high LDL/ApoB absent other CVD risk factors to help provide powerful new insights on these and other topics.

See LMHRstudy.com for more details.

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More from @realDaveFeldman

Nov 21
1/4 Back-of-the-envelope:

There are now 32 NHANES participants with lipids & mortality data who have lived to at least age 100 (age + followup > 100yr.), thus earning the designation of "centenarian"

What was mean avg #LDL-C for this group from their bloodwork 15-20yrs prior?
2/4 What was the mean average #HDL #Cholesterol (#HDL-C) for this group from their bloodwork 15-20yrs prior?
3/4 What was the mean average #Triglyceride (TG) levels for this group from their bloodwork 15-20yrs prior?
Read 4 tweets
Nov 18
Standard caveat, ⚠️this isn't medical advice, ofc

My personal priority list:
1️⃣CCTA (CT Angiogram)
2️⃣CAC (Coronary Artery Calcium scan)
3️⃣Inflammatory markers
4️⃣Lipid markers
2/ CCTA gives a scan of both calcified and non-calcified plaque in the arteries of the heart.

There's an extremely small risk of adverse effects from the contrast dye, and a low exposure to radiation with the latest machines.

However, CCTA scans can be pricy (ie $500-1000)
3/ CAC is just the calcification of the coronary arteries, but it is surprisingly correlative to soft plaque AND is very predictive of future events. Check out @khurramn1's work on this for more info.

It also requires no contrast dye, is lower radiation, and typically $99-300.
Read 7 tweets
Nov 17
🧵 New paper on comparing advanced lipid testing (NMR) with body fat (adiposity) - ht @nicknorwitz

High adiposity associates with:
- ⬆️ #ApoB & #LDL-C
- ⬆️ #triglycerides
- ⬆️ levels of all fatty acids

How does this relate to #LEM? Let's unpack... /1

nature.com/articles/s4385…
2/ "Adiposity-related hypertriglyceridemia is mainly driven by increased numbers of triglyceride-rich VLDLs (which carry the largest proportion of triglycerides in blood). Concurrently, the cholesterol in these lipoproteins also seem to be higher at higher adiposity levels."
3/ And these next sentences are key -- take special note of the underlined text... Image
Read 7 tweets
Nov 8
1/ Respectful rebuttal 🧵:

I think you make valid points with regard to a diet community having bad actors that can reflect on it, @jerryteixeira -- but I'd push back that one has to tow the party line on high fat and/or high meat in #keto or get hammered.

Some examples...
2/ I myself have brought up #PlantBasedKeto many times over to raise awareness, even though I try to avoid the diet debates. But I've not suffered any repercussions from the keto community.

3/ DietDoctor.com is arguably the largest resource for #LowCarb diet, and in the last couple years have put out a great deal more material on higher protein with lower fat as a diet direction option. Many low carbers prefer this emphasis over higher fat as a %
Read 5 tweets
Nov 8
🚨New #LMHR Editorial in JCL!🚨

🙏Please RT🙏

- Cautious consideration for #LMHRs
- Calls for patient-centered approach
- Calls for more research on #LMHRs(!)

AND we raised money from the LMHR community to make this *open access*.

Let's unpack... /1 authors.elsevier.com/a/1g22A6tb2E2O…
2/ So why is this a big deal?

Two reasons:

For one, this editorial is the first of its kind to gather MDs and PhDs together to help develop a clinical position on the #LMHR phenotype and importance of expanding research around this phenomenon.

That's hard to understate!
3/ Typically, there have been just two positions on the topic of high LDL on keto, particularly LMHRs.

- Conventional: LMHR *must* lower LDL/ApoB

- LH skeptic: LMHR can ignore LDL/ApoB

This editorial concludes those with high LDL-c/ApoB from keto "should consider" lowering.
Read 10 tweets
Nov 1
🙌 Okay, it's Nov 1 -- I'm back! 🙌

A catch up 🧵

✅ Social Media Hiatus was nice (I recommend)

#LMHRstudy near recruitment goal

✅ 3 new research endeavors in works!

✅ Possible film project next year

Read on for the unpacking... /1
2/ The Social Media Hiatus...

I was originally shooting for a few weeks away, but it stretched into two months.

Honestly, I have to really credit @MichaelMindrum for inspiring me to really commit to this. It was easier than I assumed given the ongoing research efforts. Image
3/ The #LMHRstudy is nearing recruitment completion!

That said - we still have some participants to go to put us over the top!

So again, *please* visit LMHRstudy.com to see if you or someone you know is eligible for the study.
Read 5 tweets

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