Discover and read the best of Twitter Threads about #HDL

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🧵 Dec 9th anniversary thread

On this day in 2015 I received a lab result that would alter the course of my life.

Just two weeks earlier I had gotten my very first bloodwork after half a year on #keto that showed my total and #LDL #Cholesterol had nearly doubled (!)… /1
2/ With that first test I was overcome with shock and curiosity — much more former than the latter.

I wanted to get a repeat test to confirm this wasn’t a lab error.

I wasn’t ready to give up #keto, but I was miserable enough that I ate considerably less.
3/ At the same time I learned as much as I could about Lipidology - which focuses on how the body moves lipids (like cholesterol) in the blood.

And to my surprise, this system is already very familiar to me as a software engineer given it is a distributed object network.
Read 15 tweets
🧵1/8 Here's an easy thread for reference on our current papers. 👇👇👇

🔖 Bookmark this!

We cover:
- High #LDL on #lowcarb/#keto
- Lean Mass Hyper-responders (#LMHR)
- The Lipid Energy Model (#LEM)

- And, ofc, our #LMHRstudy underway right now
2/8 The #LMHRpaper was our first describing the #LMHR phenotype

- #LDL #Cholesterol of 200 or higher
- #HDL #Cholesterol of 80 mg or higher
and
- #Triglycerides of 70 mg or lower

Which is actually common for lean, very folks on #lowcarb/#keto folks. doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nz…
3/8 Our second paper brings a case report on a single #LMHR with extremely high #LDLc (~500 mg/dL) for 2.5 years, their eating patterns, and current CT angiography.

(⚠️Please note this is a single case report and should be considered anecdotal, ofc) doi.org/10.3389/fendo.…
Read 9 tweets
1/ Alright, let's chat the #NHANES (IV)

As usual, I'll give my caveats this is back-of-the-envelope on data I wrangled via CDC on this expansive dataset -- and it's associational, ofc (observational)

So what are the lipids like for those who live to 100yr in NHANES?
2/ Remember, these aren't the lipid levels taken *at* age 100+, it's what their levels where at the time of examination 15-20 years prior.

This is very relevant when considering reverse causality given this extreme gap in time for all who were reaching centenarian status.
3/ First up -- #LDL #Cholesterol.

Yes, 73% of you correctly guessed 130mg/dL is the mean average for these 32 individuals (lipids taken age 85 or earlier).

LDL mean average: 130 mg/dL

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
72.0 102.5 126.0 154.0 215.0

Read 9 tweets
1/4 Back-of-the-envelope:

There are now 32 NHANES participants with lipids & mortality data who have lived to at least age 100 (age + followup > 100yr.), thus earning the designation of "centenarian"

What was mean avg #LDL-C for this group from their bloodwork 15-20yrs prior?
2/4 What was the mean average #HDL #Cholesterol (#HDL-C) for this group from their bloodwork 15-20yrs prior?
3/4 What was the mean average #Triglyceride (TG) levels for this group from their bloodwork 15-20yrs prior?
Read 4 tweets
Let's review quickly all of the science I've come across in the past week that applies to high-fat ketogenic carnivore type diets.

I'll post the link, an image of the abstract, the title, and some hashtags on each one.

1/n - My public Zotero Database:
zotero.org/groups/2466685…
2/n
Red and processed meat intakes and cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: An umbrella systematic review and assessment of causal relations using Bradford Hill’s criteria

"do not support causality"

#T2D #CVD #SystematicReview #RedMeat

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
Do #Vegetarian Diets Provide Adequate Nutrient Intake during Complementary Feeding? A Systematic Review

Complementary Feeding is the period when you're weaning a child onto non-breastmilk foods.

TLDR: "Not safe, critical micronutrient deficiency risk"

mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/1…
Read 23 tweets
📊Polls ahead of #KetoSaltLake

Poll (1/4)
Lean Mass Hyper-responders (#LMHRs) are defined by:

+⬆️#LDL #Cholesterol at 190mg (5.17mm) or higher,
+⬆️#HDL-C 80 (2.07) or higher &
+⬇️#Triglycerides of 70 (0.79) or lower

In your opinion, cardio risk level of this profile is likely
Poll (2/4)
Many demonstrating the #LMHR phenotype (but not all) consume a diet...

High in animal protein
High in red meat
High in saturated fat

In your opinion, if we were to further stratify the #LMHR population to those with the above diet, their cardio risk level would be...
Poll (3/4)

When did you first hear of the Lean Mass Hyper-responder profile?
Read 5 tweets
1/ This new MR study by @mendel_random, @mvholmes, et al makes use of UK Biobank data and determines #ApoB increases risk of #AllCauseMortality, and even #T2Diabetes

This is actually relevant timing as we are rapidly approaching the #LMHRstudy. sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
2/ If you didn't already know, "Lean Mass Hyper-responders" (#LMHRs) would be considered hypercholesterolemic, with this resulting from being very low carb (typically #keto), and are often lean and/or athletic.

(You can read more on this phenotype at CholesterolCode.com/lmhr)
3/ Setting aside why this population exhibits this (see #LipidEnergyModel for more), the most important question is whether they are at risk.

This MR study builds on the existing conventional expectation that they are, and no less in a dose-dependent manner...
Read 6 tweets
#Dislipemias y enfermedades del #Colesterol. Parte I

¿De qué se tratan?

¿Cómo se interpreta un perfil lipídico en un laboratorio?

¿Qué son las #LDL pequeñas y densas y por qué son las que más interesan?

¿Qué es el Colesterol No HDL?

#AbroHilo Image
➡️La #enfermedad #cardiovascular es la principal causa de muerte en la población general. Está asociada a decenas de patologías, entre ellas, #diabetes, #obesidad, #tabaquismo, enfermedades autoinmunes, etc; y la que veremos hoy: las dislipemias o enfermedades del colesterol.
➡️Las #Dislipemias son enfermedades causadas por alguna alteración en el metabolismo de los lípidos (colesterol y triglicéridos).
Pueden ser primarias-de causa genética, adquiridas-por determinados hábitos como 🍔🚬 y secundarias-asociadas a otras enfermedades.

#Sigue ⬇️ Image
Read 31 tweets
1/ For a very layperson-friendly video on conventional view of #LDL / #HDL #Cholesterol, and #ApoB, I highly recommend this one from @NutritionMadeS3

It's very visual and IMO fairly true to the more specific position of mainstream lipidology...
2/ Love his opening: "why is this topic so confusing? well, for starters scientists are horrible at coming up with names...there's LDL...and LDL cholesterol and they're different things....but a lot of people call them both LDL....and then there's HDL, VLDL..." (trails off)
3/ He's 100% right. It's why it's so hard to convert this for the lay audience. Lipidology could use a terminology upgrade.

For example, how did "Chylomicrons" manage to get a special exception to the "-DL" acronym party? (Only fellow lipophiles will get that joke... 😐)
Read 7 tweets
1/ 😁Thread -- About Me -- 5 year update😁

It's been a busy 24 hours since @joerogan's podcast dropped where @CarnivoreMD discussed our work (mega thx, Paul!). There's been a surge of new followers, so I figured it was high time to do an update for those just tuning in...
2/ I'm a senior software engineer and systems architect having developed a variety of platforms over my career.

Five years ago next month I saw my cholesterol levels skyrocket on a ketogenic diet and was extremely interested as to the mechanisms behind it...
3/ I began learning everything I could about Lipidology and the system that moves #cholesterol around in our body. To my surprise, it has many structural things in common with a network (a very advanced one, mind you), but soon I was manipulating my own lipid levels easily.
Read 20 tweets
1/ My presentation to @stanford on the Lipid Energy Model is now up at my channel.

It was a great honor to be invited and discuss my research, experiments, and this hypothesis in depth.

Lots of discussion on #LDL #HDL #Cholesterol #ApoB and #LipidTriad
2/ For many of you who have followed my work for a while, this will feel like review. But this presentation challenged me to tie everything together as best I could for a non-#keto/#lchf audience at a university level. Given the feedback /retention, it appears to have gone well..
3/ Of course, there's quite a lot that it *not* covered, and indeed I wanted to squeeze a bit more into it. Sometimes I wish I could summarize the energy delivery throughput and cross my fingers everyone at a certain level will get it. But that's been the biggest challenge...
Read 6 tweets
1/ I consider #HDL extremely relevant, yes. It’s one of the existing five criteria for metabolic syndrome and one of the three for atherogenic dyslipidemia. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2/ It’s one of my three target markers for the #LCCholesterolChallenge (which is about to turn two years old next week). cholesterolcode.com/lccholesterolc…

I haven’t yet found any study that stratifies ⬆️LDL+⬆️HDL+⬇️TG showing ⬆️cardiovascular disease as of yet, but I’ve found the opposite
3/ See studies linked in this LMHR article - cholesterolcode.com/cholesterol-en…

And I don’t have it handy as I’m on my phone, but we see this likewise stratification of the triad in the 4S trial...
Read 3 tweets
Did you know that atherosclerotic lesions are acidic?
(1/15)

rdcu.be/bRXph
Extracellular acidity in atherosclerosis is one of my favorite topics, so I'm really, really excited about this study (2/15)
The authors show that some individuals have carotid atherosclerotic lesions that have an acidic pH. They show this is due to activation of Na+-H+ exchanger in macrophages, which leads to extrusion of H+ and extracellular acidification (3/15)
rdcu.be/bRXph
Read 15 tweets

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