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Dec 26 10 tweets 2 min read
4⃣ core brain networks (there are more): expanding the localizationist approach 🧠 🥅🕸️

#Neuro #Neuroanatomy #Neurology #EndNeurophobia

#Thread

1/🧵
1⃣ Default mode network

🥇 Endogenously mediated activities at rest
🥈 Self-referential and social cognitive processes,

🚫Not active during external goal-oriented processes

2/🧵
1⃣ Default mode network

Components

💠 Posterior cingulate cortex
💠 Medial prefrontal cortex
💠 Precuneus
💠 Inferior parietal and medial temporal cortices

3/🧵
2⃣ Salience network

🥇 Detects behaviorally relevant stimuli
🥈 Coordinates the brain's neural resources in response to these stimuli

4/🧵
2⃣ Salience network

Components

💠 Anterior cingulate
💠 Anterior insular cortices
💠 Amygdala-thalamus-hypothalamus
💠 Ventral striatum
💠 Substantia nigra

5/🧵
3⃣ Central executive network

🥇 Goal-oriented processes
🥈 Working memory
🥉 Planning and decision making

6/🧵
3⃣ Central executive network

Components

💠 Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
💠 Posterior parietal cortex

7/🧵
4⃣ Sensorimotor network

🥇Voluntary and motor activities

8/🧵
4⃣ Sensorimotor network

Components

🥇 Primary motor cortex
🥈 Supplementary motor area
🥉 Primary and secondary sensory cortices

9/9
Source:
1.- Front Neurol. 2020 Oct 15;11:572976.
doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.572976

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More from @MedinaRiojaMD

Dec 23
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: clinical variants 🧠

🥸🤓

🐄

#CJD #Neurology #EndNeurophobia #Teaching

1/🧵

⏬One of my favorite 📚 about the topic (non medical and it focuses on familial forms)
Introduction 🚨

As seen in other types of neurodegenerative disorders (AD), the main localization of the pathological process will give rise to the main symptoms.

"It's not about pathophysiology, it's about localization." 🧠🤓🥸

2/
1⃣ Heidenhain Variant

Posterior localization, think 🤔

Visual disturbances first: 👀👁‍🗨👁️

3/
Read 10 tweets
Dec 16
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: MRI features.

#Neurology #Neurotwitter #MRI #educational #Tweetorial

🪡

1/🧵
1⃣ Empty sella turcica (🏹)

🚨Flattened appearance of the pituitary gland against the floor of the sella turcica (🔼)

2/🧵
2⃣ Enlarged Meckel caves bilaterally, filled with CSF (🏹)

Related to Temporal Lobe Epilepsy? Maybe

3/🧵
Read 9 tweets
Dec 12
Dementia with Lewy Bodies:

Part 2️⃣ Biomarkers
🧠💊⚕️

#Neuro #Neurotwitter #Teaching #Education

#NotEverythingIsMemory

#Dementia

1/🧵
Introduction

What is a biomarker? 🏷🧪️

"A characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention." 🩸🧠

2/🧵
Introduction

What is the use of biomarkers? 🧠

Diagnostic tool🪓

Tool for staging the disease 🥼

Indicator of prognosis📡

Predic or monitor of clinical response to an intervention🚨

Remember: "tools"should aid clinicians, not be the source of all truth.

3/🧵
Read 14 tweets
Dec 6
Dementia with Lewy Bodies:

Part 1️⃣ Clinical features and Probable Diagnosis
🧠📚🔖

#Neuro #Neurotwitter #Teaching #Education

#NotEverythingIsMemory

#Dementia

1/🧵
Introduction 🥇

DLB belongs to a family of disorders typically known as "synucleinopathies" 🔬

Other members are:

- MSA
- PD
- PDD

All of them have abnormal inclusions of α-Synuclein at a pathological level.

2/🧵
⚠️⚠️⚠️
"Pathology is not pathogenesis", therefore we shouldn't assume that the presence of these pathological changes are a synonym of "protein toxicity".

Suggested reading ⬇️

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…

3/🧵
Read 24 tweets
Nov 23
Frontal lobe: anatomy, history, Edgar Allan Poe and beyond, why not?
🧠📝✍️🕵️

Part 2: Areas and connections

"For the moon never beams, without bringing me dreams of the beautiful Annabel Lee." E. A. Poe.

#Neurology #Anatomy #Teaching #EndNeurophobia #Neurotwitter

1/🧵
⚠️Disclaimer:
Due to the complexity of this structure, this tweetorial is composed of three main parts.

1️⃣ Gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy (sort of)
2️⃣ Areas and connections
3️⃣ Clinical Syndromes and curiosities

Hope you enjoy!

2/🧵
Do you remember last Tweetorial's question?

Exner's area 🧠📝🥸

Described in 1881, the area located close to the superior frontal sulcus in BA6, anterior to the hand primary motor area, has been involved in the handwritten production of words.
📜

3/🧵
Read 34 tweets
Nov 21
Frontal lobe: anatomy, history, Edgar Allan Poe and beyond, why not?
🧠📝✍️🕵️

Part 1: gross anatomy

"All that we see or seem is but a dream within a dream." - E. A. Poe.

#Neurology #Anatomy #Teaching #EndNeurophobia #Neurotwitter

1/🧵 Phineas Gage
⚠️Disclaimer:
Due to the complexity of this structure, this tweetorial will be composed of three main parts.

1️⃣ Gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy (sort of)
2️⃣ Areas and connections
3️⃣ Clinical Syndromes and curiosities

Hope you enjoy!

2/🧵
⚠️Before we begin, a great quote about this amazing part of the human brain. 👇⬇️

3/🧵
Read 13 tweets

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