This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials suggests that treatment with Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) is unlikely to reduce or increase cancer incidence or mortality.
- The review included RCTs that compared SGLT2 inhibitors or SGLT1/2 inhibitors to placebo, active interventions, or no intervention in adults (aged ≥ 18 years), with a minimum follow-up of 48 weeks and that reported at least 1 case of cancer or 1 death due to cancer.
- Treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors did not reduce or increase cancer incidence or mortality.
- Similarly, the risk of bladder, breast, and renal cancers (malignancies of special safety concern), the most common malignancies or other site-specific cancers were not different in adults treated with SGLT2 inhibitors from the risk of those treated with control interventions.
- "Similar to our results, a Scandinavian cohort study did not find an increase in the risk of bladder and renal cancers comparing SGLT2 inhibitors to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists treatment"
In this one, mouth rinsing, regardless of the type of solution (either carbohydrate or a placebo), enhanced endurance running performance for trained runners in a warm-humid environment when compared to no rinsing.
- However, there was no ergogenic beneft of rinsing a carbohydrate solution when compared to a placebo solution.
- "The improvement in exercise performance in the mouth rinsing trials observed in this study is believed to be attributed to the reduction of perception of effort...
In this one, the ingestion of 24 g post-workout protein blend (beef and whey) mixed with orange juice over 10 weeks attenuated cellular immune infallmation markers compared to the ingestion of an isocaloric carbohydrate drink alone in endurance cross-country athletes.
- The participants were randomly allocated into two equal-size treatment groups: protein–carbohydrate (PRO-CHO, n=15) or carbohydrate only (CHO, n=15).
- The athletes performed a 10 week intervention period involving five or six training sessions per week with an average duration of 44.8± 4.5 min per session.
The findings of this one suggest that a progressively decreasing intensity resistance training protocol from set to set can elicit a more positive effect of enjoyment within a session, leading to long term maintenance of exercise behavior, without sacrificing training load.
- The study compared the effects of an increasing intensity and a decreasing-intensity resistance training protocol on affective responses across six training sessions.
- Participants in the increasing intensity group reported an increase in feeling displeasure after each set, whereas those in the decreasing group reported increases in pleasure after every set.
The findings of this one suggest that central adiposity leads to dyslipidemia, with measures of insulin resistance and sensitivity partly mediating this, and that n-3 PUFAs may moderate the direct path between adiposity and dyslipidemia, reducing the risk for type 2 diabetes.
- This study was conducted in Yup’ik individuals from 10 communities in rural SW Alaska.
- Although Yup’ik people have an obesity and prediabetes prevalence similar to the general U.S. population, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is relatively rare (∼3%).
This one suggests that there is some evidence that nutritional interventions, may benefit respiratory health in individuals with pre-existing nutrient deficiencies and in healthy individuals during times of compromised immune function associated with increased physical stress.
- This review focuses on numerous commercial interventions that purport to improve respiratory health, including nasal dilators, nasal breathing, and systematized breathing interventions respiratory muscle training, canned oxygen, nutritional supplements, and inhaled L-menthol.
- On the nutritional side of things it found that:
Here, higher adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet was associated with lower dementia risk, independent of genetic risk in individuals living in the UK with a mean age of ~64 years.
"Specifically, participants with the highest MedDiet adherence had 23% lower risk of developing dementia in comparison with those with the lowest level of adherence (highest vs. lowest MEDAS continuous tertiles)...
"...which was equivalent to an absolute risk difference (reduction) of 0.55%."