While high-level US & EU diplomatic visits drew int'l press attention to #Ethiopia this week, most of the focus was on diplomatic relations, $, and the #Tigray peace deal. There was little coverage of the dangerous undercurrents that continue to threaten the country's stability.
On Mar 15, while the intl press was focused on Blinken's visit, Ethiopia's election board issued a statement condemning the persecution of some political parties by the govt & its security forces, citing illegal detentions, intimidation & harassment. m.facebook.com/story.php?stor…
The day prior, the Mayor of Addis -Ethiopia's culturally diverse capital city- made highly controversial comments alleging that youth from "some regional states" were trying to flood the city to overthrow the govt. Addis's police chief claimed most of the youth were from Amhara.
@addisstandard provides a deep dive into Mayor Adanech's remarks, seen by many as divisive & dangerous, and related developments that have gone largely uncovered by intl media. The detention of large numbers of ethnic Amhara over the past year... addisstandard.com/in-depth-analy…
... has contributed to mounting tensions w/in Ethiopia's ruling party, alongside Amhara concerns over the peace deal Abiy's govt struck with the TPLF, which could have implications for Amhara's seizure of contested territory in Tigray.
The recent Orthodox Church crisis added further fuel to the tensions between Ethiopia's two largest ethnic groups, and it appears to have further undermined Abiy's waning support among Amhara. ethiopia-insight.com/2023/02/28/a-r…
In this context, the statement yesterday from Ethiopia's ruling Prosperity Party highlights that the party knows it has a problem, but it is unclear whether they can agree on a path to navigate the country beyond its divisions. addisstandard.com/news-ruling-pa…
Notably, the ruling does not appear ready to accept some responsibility for problems the country faces. It points to "the burden of history" and says of Ethiopia's divisions, "we inherited them, we did not create them."
This, after spending the past few years blaming the country's ills on the TPLF, with no acknowledgement than most of the current ruling party was part of the ruling EPRDF coalition that governed the country for the past 3 decades. The TPLF did not rule alone.
It is positive to see party leaders acknowledge the "inability to manage freedom" and speak of the need for accountability. What changes this will lead to remains to be seen. Likewise, how the govt will deal with "the thieves within the government" will be something to watch.
Maybe just focus on the complicated business of governing & healing the country's wounds & divisions, and leave the book writing for later?
Today, Secretary Blinken has announced the findings of the State Department's review of atrocities reported during the war in northern #Ethiopia:
🔹all parties to the conflict committed war crimes
🔹the ENDF, EDF, and Amhara forces committed crimes against humanity in Tigray
🔹Amhara forces committed the crime against humanity of deportation or forcible transfer, and committed ethnic cleansing through their treatment of Tigrayans in Western Tigray.
Blinken cited "murder, rape, and other forms of sexual violence and persecution" in the @StateDept's determination that members of the ENDF, EDF and Amhara forces committed crimes against humanity in #Tigray.
Two weeks after forces in Puntland killed IS-Somalia's head of ops, Abu-Albara Al Amani of Ethiopia, US forces conduct a rare raid in #Somalia targeting Bilal al-Sudani, a top Islamic State figure seen as a key facilitator for ISIS's global network. 🧵
Bilal al-Sudani, aka Suhayl Salim Abd el-Rahman of #Sudan, was designated under the US #Somalia sanctions program in 2012 for facilitating the travel & financing of foreign fighters for #AlShabaab since 2007. He later joined the IS splinter faction. home.treasury.gov/news/press-rel…
Al-Sudani was linked to a South Africa-based ISIS facilitator, Abdella Hussein Abadigga, that was designated for sanctions in early 2022. home.treasury.gov/news/press-rel…
Tigray authorities say they are ready to abide by an immediate cessation of hostilities, to create a conducive atmosphere for AU-led talks under *mutually-acceptable" mediators, with int'l observers to help build trust, instill confidence in the process & support implementation.
These are all fairly standard components of peace processes. The Govt of Ethiopia has been resistant to calls for int'l observers, however. Will they accept them now? This would notionally require granting them access to Tigray & conflict-affected parts of Amhara & Afar.
What Tigray authorities are proposing was presumably part of the discussions between AU & US officials in recent days, and appears to be the result of the reported talks in Djibouti.
The restrictions on US military aid were imposed in May 2021 (before the targeted sanctions regime was announced in Sept). But Ethiopia isn't reliant on US $ for its AMISOM deployment, and didn't cut its AU troop levels. 1/ state.gov/united-states-…
Ethiopia did, however, reportedly withdraw some sizable # of troops it deploys bilaterally (not part of AMISOM/ATMIS) in Somalia at the start of the war and again as the TDF expanded its operations in the latter months of 2021. The US does not support the bilat deployment.
So if Ethiopia pulled 3000 troops from Somalia, as she claims, it wasn't because of US security assistance restrictions, it was because the govt needed more troops to fight the war in N. Ethiopia.
#Ethiopia's government says that the @UN_HRC-authorized #ICHREE has "weaponized human rights for political pressure and exposed its true intentions, foreclosing all doors of cooperation with the Government."
The ICHREE statement:
🔹expresses deep concern with the renewed hostilities
🔹calls on the parties to immediately cease hostilities, respect IHL obligations & return to dialogue
🔹welcomes the UNSC decision to discuss the situation & urges the UNSC to keep it high on the agenda
and
🔹"calls upon the Council to take action under the Charter needed to ensure the protection of civilians and prevent escalation that could further destabilize the region"
That last bullet is presumably what the Govt of Ethiopia found threatening.
There seems to be some confusion about AGOA - the law (written and passed by Congress) doesn't give the executive branch the option to "extend the deadline." Ethiopia was determined ineligible for AGOA trade benefits in 2022 bc it did not meet this requirement (10 USC 23 §3703):
A suspension of military operations is a positive step, but the Biden Administration's determination regarding Ethiopia was in response to "gross violations of internationally recognized human rights." whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/…