JK Rowling is up here suggesting blood is gendered and you have to get transfusion from the same bio sex you were assigned at birth (supporting her anti #transgender rhetoric) Before the blow up, some key information regarding the study she refers to—let’s get the facts 1/
There was a study. But: “The American Red Cross and the researchers themselves were quick to say the study is not definitive enough” and “three teams were from different countries, used different data sets and all had slightly different findings.” So what were the findings? 2/
The study suggested there may be a 2% decrease in how long a chromosomally male patient lives after cardiac arrest transfusion from a person who had been pregnant. (Loss: about one year of extra life) But the study was limited, using different data set. What would prove it? 2/
Scientists would have to find a “plausible biological mechanism to explain these differences”(something in the blood of previously pregnant donors) and run “two randomized controlled trials” to look at whether “the donor’s sex and pregnancy history affect the recipient.” 3/
The theory (not yet supported by data) speculates those who have been pregnant could have some “immune factor in their red blood cells that causes more rejection” in XY chromosome patients. (There are conflicting studies and data sets.) 4/
So: does blood gender matter? Possibly, mainly due to hormone and antibody changes that may occur during pregnancy. That also means there blood variations even within chromosomal sex groups.
Will blood transfusion that matches your type and not your gender endanger you? No. 5/
Will transfusion based on type and not gender save your life when you are in a critical medical situation? Yes. Will this new detail (from 2017, btw) suddenly show that gender is definitive? No more than chromosomes do, my friend. (#Gender is a social construct.) #TransRights
Since yesterday’s tweet (where I broke down a scientific study JK Rowling posted about blood/sex/gender), I’ve seen the argument that ‘sex is real’ because of chromosomes used to support anti- #transgender rhetoric. So today I’m sharing some biology in support of #TransRights
Let’s consider chromosomes first. The anti-trans argument says XX is female/woman and XY is male/man. That’s the gender binary. But biology isn’t binary—it’s messy. You can be born XXY or XYY. You may be born with aspects of both sexes along a spectrum. It’s also true for animals
A true XXY, what we call Klinefelter syndrome (47 chromosomes). 64% of those with the condition are never diagnosed (Jeannie Visootsak, MD, MSc 2014) and most who are only notice in puberty. About 1 in 500 are born with XXY. Now, XYY occurs in about 1 in 1000.
I’m about to share a strange story: I once curated a portion of the med history museum, using it to follow the history of midwifery, gynecology, and birth generally. The strangest device was a cloth covered pair of legs that opened into a pregnant womb—with cloth fetus. #history
1/ Now, this model had supposedly belonged to a student of Madame du Coudray, 18th c French midwife. I’d seen the originals in Rouen with some of my then-students; they are startling. Plush. Big squishy wombs. And that’s how she taught midwives—in France, midwives were women. But
2/ In 18th c England, men were taking over the practice often maligning women midwives as incompetent—they didn’t go to school, after all, and man midwives had a 14 week course! (What would women know about birth anyway, right?) they also wanted a model; they knew about Coudray
‘What is it like to do #book research’ —a historian’s thread about the perils and joys of the archive. 1/ I am in Berlin almost exclusively because of a single document. It exists in only one place: Humboldt U rare books. It has not been digitized. Thus, I took a flight.
2/
Arrived at the library today. I’d been warned I just pre-register and have a covid test, bring vaccines. No problem. Brandy rocks up to the check in with her nihilist Matrix black suit and is ready to rock. Like many archives, you are prohibited from being in outside bags.
3/ You usually are assigned a locker. You can bring your phone and PC. Except this library required you to have your own lock. I can buy one on site! Oh. Only with coins. No card or paper cash. I go in search of cash of the coin variety. Done. Lock acquired.
Then it goes wrong.