Dr Sudhir Kumar MD DM Profile picture
Apr 28 8 tweets 2 min read Twitter logo Read on Twitter
Most melatonin gummies in US are inaccurately labelled

1. Melatonin gummies are routinely given to children for sleep, stress and relaxation.
Melatonin is not approved by FDA for use in children, and hence #melatonin gummies are bought OTC or online.
#MedTwitter #sleep
2. Pediatric melatonin ingestions in US increased 530% from 2012 to 2021 and were associated with 27 795 emergency department and clinic visits, 4097 hospitalizations, 287 intensive care unit admissions, and 2 deaths.
3. In a recent study, 25 melatonin gummy brands were analyzed. Twenty-two of 25 products (88%) were inaccurately labeled, and only 3 products (12%) contained a quantity of melatonin that was within ±10% of the declared quantity.
jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
4. The quantity of melatonin ranged from 1.3 mg to 13.1 mg per serving size.
The actual quantity of melatonin ranged from 74% to 347% of the labeled quantity.
One product did not contain detectable levels of melatonin but did contain 31.3 mg of cannabidiol (CBD).
5. Five products declared cannabidiol (CBD) as an ingredient, and the quantity of CBD ranged from 10.6 mg to 31.3 mg per serving.
The actual quantity of CBD ranged from 104% to 118% of the labeled quantity.
6. Most melatonin gummies are inaccurately labelled: most products exceed the declared amount of melatonin and cannabidiol.
A Canadian study had similar results: analysis of 16 melatonin brands found that the actual dose of melatonin ranged from 17% to 478% of declared quantity.
7. Consuming melatonin gummies as directed could expose children to between 40 and 130 times higher quantities of melatonin.
Unintentional ingestions could lead to consumption that greatly exceeds these dosages of melatonin.
CBD is also not approved by FDA for healthy children.
8. Take home message:
*Use of melatonin gummies may result in ingestion of unpredictable quantities of melatonin and CBD.
*Parents should avoid using melatonin gummies in children; especially without consulting their pediatrician.

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More from @hyderabaddoctor

Apr 28
Sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) are associated with higher risk of heart diseases & death in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D)

1. Drinking coffee, tea or plain water, on the other hand, reduced the risk of heart diseases and death, in a long-term prospective study.
#Medtwitter Image
2. Full fat milk consumption was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and death in people with Type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Low fat milk consumption, on the other hand, reduced the risk of CVDs and death.
3. Increase in consumption of coffee, tea or low fat milk (versus no change in consumption) after the diagnosis of diabetes, resulted in further reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and death.
doi.org/10.1136/bmj-20…
Read 6 tweets
Apr 27
"The grass is always greener on the other side"

All is not bright for doctors living abroad. I have had multiple opportunities to settle abroad with salaries offered between 5-20 times (as compared to that of India's), but I chose to settle in India, and I have never regretted.
2. There are multiple reasons why doctors staying back in India could be happier:
*The joy of seeing a fellow Indian (many of whom can't afford expensive medical care) get better is manifold greater than the joy of treating a foreigner.
*Comforts of living in India are greater+
3. +as one can afford to hire cook, babysitter or other helps with lesser salaries.
*I know of doctors living abroad, whose parents (staying in India) are old & have disabling illnesses. Children feel miserable and helpless, while remotely managing their parents' illnesses.
Read 6 tweets
Apr 27
One in five people suffer from hearing loss

1. Yes, you heard it right.
This information was obtained by a study published in The Lancet journal in Mar 2021.
An estimated 1·57 billion people globally had hearing loss in 2019.
doi.org/10.1016/S0140-…
#MedTwitter
2. Although hearing loss is common in old ages, globally 70 million children aged 0–15 years also live with this condition. Otitis media and meningitis are risk factors for hearing loss in children.
38% of people with hearing loss were less than 50 years old.
#HearingLoss
3. When unaddressed, childhood hearing loss can affect spoken language development, literacy skills, and education, which might affect cognition and social wellbeing.
Older people with hearing loss have a higher risk of developing #dementia, including #AlzheimersDisease.
Read 4 tweets
Apr 26
Eating walnuts for 6 months was associated with better sustained attention and intelligence scores in teenagers

1. A total of 771 healthy teenagers aged 11–16 years were randomized into two equal groups (intervention or control).
#MedTwitter #healthyfood Image
2. The intervention group received 30 g/day of raw walnut kernels to be incorporated into their diet for 6 months. Walnuts are rich sources of omega 3 fatty acid, alpha linolenic acid (ALA)
doi.org/10.1016/j.ecli…
3. Findings of the study:
Significant benefits were found for attention, fluid intelligence, and ADHD symptoms, meaning that consuming 30 g of walnuts daily for 100 days, or more, improved these neuropsychological outcomes.
Read 5 tweets
Apr 25
Cerebral atrophy (brain shrinkage) in an infant: Sad story with a happy ending

1. 10-month old infant was brought by his parents with generalized weakness & lethargy for 4 months. His motor milestones had also slowed down. He was evaluated by a local pediatrician.
#MedTwitter
2. Thyroid profile was normal. MRI brain showed severe, diffuse cerebral atrophy (generalized shrinkage of brain).
Anticipating a neurodegenerative disease, pediatrician referred the infant for a neurologist's opinion.
I took a detailed history and ordered for a blood test.
3. I reserved my opinion regarding prognosis, until the blood report came. I also did not want to send the infant for a series of investigations to rule out rare neurodegenerative diseases before seeing the blood test report.
Mother was a strict vegetarian, which gave the clue.
Read 10 tweets
Apr 25
Is Yellow fever vaccine safe for multiple sclerosis patients?

1. Yellow fever vaccine is recommended for people who are 9 months old or older and who are traveling to or living in areas at risk for yellow fever virus in Africa and South America.
#YellowFever #MultipleSclerosis Image
2. There is a doubt whether yellow fever vaccine can be given to patients suffering from multiple sclerosis, who are using disease modifying immunotherapies. There is a concern that yellow fever vaccine can trigger a relapse of multiple sclerosis.
#MedTwitter #neurotwitter
3. A recent study assessed the risk of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis worsening after yellow fever vaccine.
One-year annualized relapse rate and time to first relapse were similar among the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups.
doi.org/10.1177/135245…
Read 4 tweets

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