The Sato Lab (Kei Sato) Profile picture
May 3 12 tweets 7 min read Twitter logo Read on Twitter
BREAKING🔔 The 19th paper from G2P-Japan🇯🇵 is out at Lancet Infectious Diseases @TheLancetInfDis . We elucidated the virological characteristics of new SARS-CoV-2 variant of interest, XBB.1.16 (aka #Arcturus) Please RT🔥 1/
thelancet.com/journals/lanin…
XBB.1.16 = XBB.1 + #F486P, #E180V, and #T478K in spike.
cf. XBB.1.5 = XBB.1 + #F486P in spike (i.e., XBB.1.16 = XBB.1.5 + #E180V and #T478K in spike). 2/ Image
A phylogenetic tree shows that XBB.1.16 is a descendant of XBB.1, not of XBB.1.5. 3/ Image
The relative basic reproduction number (Re) of XBB.1.16 is greater than that of XBB.1.5 in 🇮🇳🇺🇸🇸🇬🇦🇺, suggesting that XBB.1.16 will outcompete XBB.1.5 in the future. 4/ Image
Pseudovirus experiments showed the increased infectivity by #T478K mutation. In contrast, #E180V decreased the infectivity. In total, the infectivity of XBB.1.16 was comparable to that of XBB.1.5. 5/ Image
Neutralization assay showed that XBB.1.16 is robustly resistant to BA.2 breakthru infection sera (18-fold vs B.1.1) and BA.5 breakthru infection sera (37-fold vs B.1.1). 6/ Image
Antigenic cartography shows that the antigenicity of XBB.1.16 is slightly different from that of XBB.1.5. 7/ Image
Importantly, XBB.1.16 as well as the other XBB subvariants are sensitive to #sotrovimab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody. 8/ Image
In sum, our results suggest the increased fitness of XBB.1.16 may be due to (1) different antigenicity from XBB.1.5; and/or (2) the mutations in the non-S viral protein(s) that may contribute to increased viral growth efficiency. 9/9
PS - Yunlong @yunlong_cao explains more about XBB.1.16 and other new variants based on his data. This should add to and increase our knowledge🔥
Correction!
XBB.1.16 = XBB.1 + #F486P, #E180V, and #T478R in spike. cf. XBB.1.5 = XBB.1 + #F486P in spike (i.e., XBB.1.16 = XBB.1.5 + #E180V and #T478R in spike).

XBB.1 and XBB.1.5 harbor T478'K', while XBB.1.16 harbors T478'R'.
Correction (again)!

Pseudovirus experiments showed the increased infectivity by #T478R (not T478’K’!) mutation. In contrast, #E180V decreased the infectivity. In total, the infectivity of XBB.1.16 was comparable to that of XBB.1.5. 5/

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More from @SystemsVirology

May 3
#拡散希望 速報🔔 G2P-Japan🇯🇵の論文第19弾「オミクロン亜株XBB.1.16の特性解析」を、Lancet Infectious Diseases @TheLancetInfDis に発表しました。本研究では、世界で流行拡大中の #オミクロン XBB.1.16株(俗称 #アークトゥルス)の特性を解明しました。1/
thelancet.com/journals/lanin…
2022年末にアメリカ🇺🇸で突如感染爆発を始めたのがXBB.1.5です。この株は、XBB.1のスパイクに #F486P という変異を獲得したものです。それに対し、XBB.1.16のスパイクは、この #F486P に加えて、#E180V#T478R というふたつの変異を持っています。2/ Image
XBB.1.5とXBB.1.16は共通する変異もありますが、分子系統学的にはそれぞれ独立に誕生したものです。つまり、XBB.1.5とXBB.1.16は、「XBB.1の子供たち(=XBB.1.5とXBB.1.16は兄妹)」であって、XBB.1.16は「XBB.1.5の子供」ではありません。3/ Image
Read 9 tweets
Jan 15
BREAKING🔔 We introduce the latest work from G2P-Japan🇯🇵 focusing on the virological characteristics of new SARS-CoV-2 lineage of concern, XBB.1.5 (aka #Kraken), which is rapidly spreading in the US🇺🇸 Please RT! Preprint/peer-review paper will come soon🔥 1/
XBB.1.5 = XBB.1 + #F486P in spike. We also found that a part of XBB.1.5 has reversion mutation in Y144del (=XBB.1.5 + #ins144Y) in spike. Because #Y144del evades antiviral immunity and decreases pseudovirus infectivity, its reversion might be also critical. 2/
First, a brilliant young talent, @jampei2, showed that the relative basic reproduction number (Re) of XBB.1.5 is >1.2-fold greater than the parental XBB.1 (❗️). Importantly the "1.2-fold difference" is similar to the differences between BA.1 versus BA.2 and BA.2 versus BA.5. 3/
Read 7 tweets
Jan 15
#拡散希望 速報🔔 G2P-Japan🇯🇵の最新作「オミクロン亜株XBB.1.5の性状解析」を、論文/プレプリント公開前に速報します(図はメイキング)。本研究では、流行拡大中の#オミクロン XBB.1.5株(通称 #クラーケン)の性質を解明しました🔥 1/
2022年末にアメリカ🇺🇸で突如感染爆発を始めたのがXBB.1.5株です。この株は、↓で我々が報告しているXBB.1株(G2P-Japan🇯🇵プレプリント第15弾)が、スパイクに #F486P という変異を獲得したものです。2/
それに加え、XBB系統が持っていた #Y144del という欠損が復帰したXBB.1.5株(XBB.1.5+ins144Y)も確認されています。Y144del という変異は、ブレイクスルー血清への抵抗性の上昇と、ウイルスの感染力の減少に作用する変異です(G2P-Japan🇯🇵プレプリント第15弾より)。3/
Read 10 tweets
Dec 27, 2022
BREAKING🔔 The 15th preprint from G2P-Japan🇯🇵 is out @biorxivpreprint. We illuminated the virological characteristics of one of the latest SARS-CoV-2 lineages of concern, XBB, which was generated by recombination of two #Omicron subvariants. Please RT. 1/
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
In late 2022, the Omicron subvariants have highly diversified. An example is BQ.1.1, which has convergently acquired amino acid substitutions at five critical residues in the spike protein: R346T, K444T, L452R, N460K & F486V. We reported it as below⬇️ 2/
Another variant of concern is XBB (aka #gryphon). First, two young talents, @jampei2 & @SpyrosLytras, showed that XBB emerged by recombination of two co-circulating BA.2 lineages, BJ.1 & BM.1.1.1 (a progeny of BA.2.75), during 2022 summer in India or its neighboring countries. 3/
Read 8 tweets
Dec 27, 2022
#拡散希望 速報🔔 G2P-Japan🇯🇵のプレプリント第15弾「組換えオミクロンXBBの性状解析」を、bioRxiv @biorxivpreprint に発表しました。本研究では、#遺伝子組換え で誕生した #オミクロン XBB株(通称 #グリフォン)の性質を解明しました。
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…

以下、本研究の概要です。1/
2022年後半になり、BA.5株以降、世界を席巻する新しい変異株の出現が見られず、また逆に、世界中でさまざまな #オミクロン亜株 が出現し、多様化しています。2/
たとえば、スパイクの5つの収斂進化変異(R346T, K444T, L452R, N460K, F486V)をコンプリートしたBQ.1.1株については、我々の先行プレプリント⬇️で、その誕生原理とウイルス学的な性状を報告しています。3/
Read 9 tweets
Dec 5, 2022
BREAKING🔔 The 14th preprint from G2P-Japan🇯🇵 is out @biorxivpreprint. We illuminated the evolutionary rule underlying the convergent evolution of #Omicron and the virological characteristics of one of the latest lineages of concern, BQ.1.1. Please RT. 1/
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
In late 2022, the Omicron subvariants have highly diversified. However, some lineages have convergently acquired amino acid substitutions at five critical residues in the spike protein: R346, K444, L452, N460 and F486. 2/
Omicron BQ.1.1 (aka #Cerberus), a descendant of BA.5, bears all five substitutions at the convergent sites: #R346T #K444T #L452R #N460K #F486V. 3/
Read 9 tweets

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