Enterobius vermicularis, also known as pinworm, is a common intestinal parasite that infects humans. These worms are small, about 1 cm, are white or translucent in color. They are easily visible to the naked eye and can sometimes be seen moving around the anal area.
The video shows a moving Enterobius vermicularis worm with its distinctive cylindrical shape and tapered end. The worm moves by contracting and relaxing its muscles in a wave-like motion, allowing it to crawl or wriggle forward.
The video also shows the worm's mouthparts, which are located at the anterior end. The worm's uterus filled with hundreds of its distinctive eggs, are also clearly seen.
I have also shared a previous post mine, highlighting the different parts of the worm
It is important to note that pinworm infections are typically asymptomatic. However, in some cases, individuals may experience itching around the anal area, especially at night when the female worms come out to lay their eggs.
Treatment for pinworm infections typically involves albendazole to kill the worms and prevent re-infection. Good hygiene practices can also help prevent the spread of pinworm infections.
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Echinococcosis or hydatid disease is caused by the larval stage of the dog tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus. The definitive host for this disease is the dog or other canids and the intermediate hosts are cattle,sheep,pigs,goats or camels. Man is an accidental intermediate host
Hydatid disease in humans is potentially dangerous depending on the location of the cyst. Some cysts may remain undetected for many years until they become large enough to affect other organs. Symptoms are then of a space occupying lesion.
Yeast will grow on bacteriological media (sheep blood agar and chocolate agar).
They may appear as small, creamy or white colonies that are somewhat more raised than staphylococcal colonies.
A presumptive identification of C albicans can be made by observing pasty,yellow-white colonies from which colony projections, often referred to as "feet," extend out from the margins.
These feet have typically been considered a characteristic of C albicans
India ink preparation of CSF from a patient with cryptococcal meningitis showing the budding yeast cells of C. neoformans surrounded by a characteristic wide gelatinous capsule. The yeasts also show narrow-base budding and characteristic variation in size.
The space occupied by the capsule shows as a clear space between the gray background of the ink particles and the refractile edge of the cell.
India ink/nigrosin stain is a negative, acid stain. This means that the dye easily gives up a hydrogen ion (proton) and the chromophore of the dye becomes negatively charged. Since the surface of most organims cells is negatively charged, the cell surface repels the dye.
India ink stain, previously known as the Nigrosin stain, is a quick, low-resource method. It is widely used for the microscopic detection of cryptococci in CSF. Its a negative stain used to determine the organism’s cellular morphology.
In the India ink preparation, stain fills the background and the thick polysaccharide capsule does not take up the stain, resulting in an appearance of a refractile large white circle against a dark background, giving the appearance of a halo of light
Many times when susceptibility testing is done for P. aeroginosa, a scenario similar to shown in the picture is encountered.
We see that TZP has produced a D shape on the IPM side. This might look very similar to the phenomenon seen in gram positive ICR strains. So what is it?
Published data says that this result is most likely due to
inducible expression of the P. aeruginosa AmpC beta-lactamase.
Certain enteric
(Serratia, Providencia, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Morganella) and non-enteric organisms (P. aeruginosa, Aeromonas) can up-regulate expression of
their chromosomally-encoded ampC genes in response to sub-inhbitory concentrations of certain
b-lactam antibiotics
The Eagle effect, Eagle phenomenon, or paradoxical zone phenomenon, named after Harry Eagle, originally referred to the paradoxically reduced antibacterial effect of penicillin at high doses.
Though recent usage generally refers to the relative lack of efficacy of beta lactam antibacterial drugs on infections having large numbers of bacteria. The former effect is paradoxical because the effectiveness of an antibiotic generally rises with increasing drug concentration.
In other words, the Eagle effect describes a phenomenon where decreased bactericidal activity of an organism is taking place despite of exposure to higher levels of an antibiotic.