This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials suggests that exercise combined with dietary advice is likely to be a more effective approach for old cancer survivors to improve physical functioning compared with exercise alone.
- This study aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise with or without dietary advice on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical functioning (including perceived physical functioning and physical performance) in old cancer survivors.
- Data from 21 trials were included in this study, including 16 exercise trials and 5 exercise + dietary advice studies.
- Regarding exercise, evidence supported its substantial benefits on muscle strength among old cancer survivors, while no effect was seen on physical functioning and muscle mass.
- Concerning exercise combined with dietary advice, this meta-analysis suggested benefits on physical functioning, while only one study examined muscle mass and strength, favouring the intervention group.
- As for safety and feasibility of interventions, low recruitment rate, moderate compliance, and few adverse events were reported.
The effects of exercise with or without dietary advice on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical functioning among older cancer survivors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (open access)
The findings of this one suggest that dietary carbohydrate and exercise may generate independent and interactive effects on the plasma metabolome, resulting in the generation of distinct metabolic phenotypes that may influence appetite regulation and perhaps energy intake.
- This study aimed to determine the interactive effects of carbohydrate and exercise on the plasma hormonal and metabolite responses and explore potential mediators of exercise-induced changes in appetite and energy intake across nutritional states.
- In a randomised-crossover fashion, 12 male participants completed four study visits that involved the consumption of a control (water) or carbohydrate beverage (75 g maltodextrin, 300 kcal), followed by a 30-minute rest or exercise session (75% V'O2max on a cycle ergometer).
In this one, low upper and lower limb strength were associated with higher all-cause mortality risk in Chinese older adults with a mean age of 84.98 years.
- This study aimed to examine the association of upper limb strength and lower limb strength with all cause mortality based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.
- Participants were 2442 older adults (aged 84.98 ± 11.94 years) recruited from eight longevity areas in China.
The aim of this paper was to overview methods and results of studies that compared acute changes in muscle strength after bouts of maximal eccentric and concentric resistance exercise.
- "Perhaps the main implication of the current work is that ECC resistance exercise prescriptions should account for the muscle group being exercised...
"...The elbow flexors are more susceptible to acute strength loss and damage from ECC exercise than are muscles of the lower limbs...
In this one, a multimodal exercise training intervention was found to be an effective strategy in improving muscular strength, agility, dynamic balance and depressive symptoms in men with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease.
- The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of multimodal exercise training on aerobic endurance, muscular strength, agility, dynamic balance, cognitive status, and depressive symptoms in men with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease.
- A total of 25 elderly men with a diagnosis of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease were randomly categorized into a a multimodal exercise training program or a control group.
The findings of this one in mice suggest that adolescent exposure to THC may promote an enduring “pseudo-lean” state that superficially resembles healthy leanness but might in fact be rooted in adipose organ dysfunction.
- A THC administration regimen that approximates daily human use of a low psychoactive dose of the drug dampened body weight gain in adolescent mice.
- When treatment was stopped, THC-treated mice expended more energy than did vehicle-treated controls and, by the time they reached adulthood, transitioned to a different metabolic state.
In this one, even though the consumption of 42.5g mixed nuts per day for 16 weeks was associated with some favorable cardiometabolic risk factor changes, it was not associated with statistically significant changes on LDL-c or Lp(a) in individuals with overweight and obesity.
- The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the effects of mixed nut supplementation on Lp(a), lipid profiles, and inflammation in individuals with overweight and obesity.
- Participants randomly assigned to the intervention group were provided with 42.5 g/day packets of mixed nuts consisting of 25.5 g of nut mixture (cashews, almonds, macadamia nuts, Brazil nuts, pecans), 5 g of pistachios, 5 g of walnuts, and 7 g of peanuts.