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Amy Proal, PhD Profile picture
@microbeminded2
Oct 14 • 4 tweets • 1 min read Twitter logo Read on Twitter
This new preprint found that exposure + antibody responses to previous Coronaviruses may modulate the NeuroPASC (#LongCovid) immune response in a manner that could make such patients less likely to clear the SARS-CoV-2 virus: medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Image
2/ Specifically, they found that neuroPASC patients exhibited attenuated systemic antibody responses against #SARS-CoV-2, characterized by decreased capacity to activate antibody-dependent complement deposition, NK cell activation + to bind Fcγ receptors
3/ The neuroPASC patients also showed significantly expanded antibody responses to other common #Coronaviruses including 229E, HKU1, NL63 and OC43
4/ The data suggest that in NeuroPASC, immunologic imprinting from other Coronaviruses may induce a defective #antibody-mediated control of SARS-CoV-2 infection, potentially resulting in incomplete or delayed #virus clearance (persistence)

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More from @microbeminded2

Amy Proal, PhD Profile picture
Sep 4
I am excited to share our new position paper on #SARS-CoV-2 reservoir (viral persistence) in Long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID (PASC): nature.com/articles/s4159…
2/ We review evidence showing that some Long COVID patients may not fully clear the SARS-CoV-2 #virus after acute infection. Instead, replicating virus and/or viral RNA - potentially capable of being translated to produce viral proteins - persist in tissue as a "reservoir" Image
3/ Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 reservoir in Long COVID includes studies that have found SARS-CoV-2 RNA or protein in Long COVID tissue samples collected months after acute #COVID-19. Immune responses indicative of a SARS-CoV-2 reservoir have also been documented in #LongCovid
Read 12 tweets
Amy Proal, PhD Profile picture
Aug 20
In this new paper @DrMaureenHanson argues that persistent enterovirus infection in tissue (enterovirus reservoir) may play a central role in the #ME/CFS disease process. I agree. journals.plos.org/plospathogens/…
2/ Multiple historic ME/CFS outbreaks could be explained by an enterovirus onset (outbreaks often coincided w/ outbreaks of polio), and enterovirus RNA or protein has been found in ME/CFS brain, muscle, or intestinal tissue: me-pedia.org/wiki/List_of_e…
3/ The enteroviruses are single-stranded RNA #viruses acquired via respiratory or GI infection. Infected patients can present with symptoms or experience mild/asymptomatic cases. In some patients enteroviruses infect the nervous system.
Read 9 tweets
Amy Proal, PhD Profile picture
Jul 30
This autopsy study found #SARS-CoV-2 RNA in #vagus nerve samples obtained from severe #COVID-19 patients. Direct infection of the vagus nerve was accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration derived primarily from monocytes: .pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37452829/#:~:t…
2/ Because the vagus nerve is an essential component of the #autonomic nervous system and regulates body functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate, direct infection of the nerve by SARS-CoV-2 may contribute to related symptoms
3/ The findings beg the question 👉 Could persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection of the vagus nerve contribute to dysautonomia in #LongCovid?
Read 8 tweets
Amy Proal, PhD Profile picture
Mar 1
Some highlights from this article: “We absolutely need to, in great detail, try to understand what, if any, role persistence of viral RNA and other viral components might play in long Covid,” Chertow [head of NIH's Emerging Pathogens Section] said.
2/ No one knows whether the coronavirus or its remnants remain in everyone who’s had Covid, or if it’s just a group of patients, said Timothy Henrich, an associate professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco.
3/ Still, Chertow’s research has already encouraged experimental use of antiviral medications such as Pfizer Inc.’s Paxlovid to see if it can root out viral reservoirs and alleviate long-haul symptoms
Read 9 tweets
Amy Proal, PhD Profile picture
Aug 20, 2022
This is one of the most concerning examples of #SARS-CoV-2 persistence to date 👉 The team found SARS-CoV-2 RNA + Spike protein in the stool of 11/14 newborn babies born to mothers who had #COVID-19 resolve 10+ weeks before delivery: nature.com/articles/s4139…
2/ The team concludes that “the findings suggest in utero transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and possible persistent intestinal #viral reservoirs in the newborns”
3/ It is important to note that all newborns that harbored SARS-CoV-2 in stool were negative for the #virus via nasal PCR. The team also found that stool homogenates from all 14 newborns in the study elicited elevated inflammatory IL-6 + IFN-γ from macrophages
Read 7 tweets
Amy Proal, PhD Profile picture
Jul 14, 2022
New @polybioRF podcast 👉 I interviewed Dr. Diane Griffin: A Chair of Molecular Microbiology/Immunology at Johns Hopkins. We discuss RNA virus persistence w/ implications for LongCovid. Listen on Spotify (open.spotify.com/episode/4ICxWL…) or watch on Youtube ()
2/ Diane explains how RNA from viruses such as measles, Ebola, Zika and SARS-CoV-2 can perisist in host cells for years after acute infection despite patients not being overtly infectious. This viral RNA is often transcriptionally active and can modulate the host immune response
3/ In fact these RNA #viruses have evolved many mechanisms to maintain RNA persistence in host cells. These include extending the lives of infected cells, or trimming parts of their genomes to better evade immune detection (paper below by Dr. Griffin): journals.plos.org/plosbiology/ar…
Read 4 tweets

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