Thread by @sfhater

198 Methods of Nonviolent Action

A description and historical examples of each can be found in volume two of The Politics of Nonviolent Action, by Gene Sharp.

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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION:
Formal Statements

1. Public Speeches

2. Letters of opposition or support
                    
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions

4. Signed public statements
                    
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
                    
6. Group or mass petitions

Communications with a Wider Audience
                    
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
                    
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
                    
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books

10. Newspapers and journals
                    
11. Records, radio, and television
                    
12. Skywriting and earthwriting

Group Representations
                    
13. Deputations
                    
14. Mock awards
                    
15. Group lobbying
                    
16. Picketing
                    
17. Mock elections

Symbolic Public Acts
                    
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
                    
19. Wearing of symbols
                    
20. Prayer and worship
                    
21. Delivering symbolic objects
                    
22. Protest disrobings

23. Destruction of own property
                    
24. Symbolic lights
                    
25. Displays of portraits
                    
26. Paint as protest

27. New signs and names
                    
28. Symbolic sounds
                    
29. Symbolic reclamations
                    
30. Rude gestures

Pressures on Individuals
                    
31. “Haunting” officials
                    
32. Taunting officials
                    
33. Fraternization
                    
34. Vigils

Drama and Music
                    
35. Humorous skits and pranks
                    
36. Performances of plays and music
                    
37. Singing

Processions
                    
38. Marches
                    
39. Parades
                    
40. Religious processions
                    
41. Pilgrimages
                    
42. Motorcades

Honoring the Dead
                    
43. Political mourning
                    
44. Mock funerals
                    
45. Demonstrative funerals
                    
46. Homage at burial places

Public Assemblies
                    
47. Assemblies of protest or support
                    
48. Protest meetings
                    
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
                    
50. Teach-ins

Withdrawal and Renunciation
                    
51. Walk-outs
                    
52. Silence
                    
53. Renouncing honors
                    
54. Turning one’s back

THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION

Ostracism of Persons
                    
55. Social boycott
                    
56. Selective social boycott
                    
57. Lysistratic nonaction
                    
58. Excommunication
                    
59. Interdict

Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
                    60. Suspension of social and sports activities
                    61. Boycott of social affairs

62. Student strike
                    
63. Social disobedience
                    
64. Withdrawal from social institutions

Withdrawal from the Social System
                    
65. Stay-at-home
                    
66. Total personal noncooperation
                    
67. “Flight” of workers

68. Sanctuary
                    
69. Collective disappearance
                    
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)

THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS

Actions by Consumers
                    
71. Consumers’ boycott
                    
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
                    
73. Policy of austerity

74. Rent withholding
                    
75. Refusal to rent
                    
76. National consumers’ boycott
                    
77. International consumers’ boycott

Action by Workers and Producers
                    
78. Workmen’s boycott
                    
79. Producers’ boycott

Action by Middlemen
                    
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott

Action by Owners and Management
                    
81. Traders’ boycott
                    
82. Refusal to let or sell property
                    
83. Lockout
                    
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
                    
85. Merchants’ “general strike”

Action by Holders of Financial Resources
                    
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
                    
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments

88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
                    
89. Severance of funds and credit
                    
90. Revenue refusal
                    
91. Refusal of a government’s money

Action by Governments
                    
92. Domestic embargo
                    
93. Blacklisting of traders
                    
94. International sellers’ embargo
                    
95. International buyers’ embargo
                    
96. International trade embargo

THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION:THE STRIKE

Symbolic Strikes
                    
97. Protest strike
                    
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)

Agricultural Strikes
                    
99. Peasant strike
                    
100. Farm Workers’ strike

Strikes by Special Groups
                    
101. Refusal of impressed labor
                    
102. Prisoners’ strike
                    
103. Craft strike
                    
104. Professional strike

Ordinary Industrial Strikes
                    
105. Establishment strike
                    
106. Industry strike
                    
107. Sympathetic strike

Restricted Strikes
                    
108. Detailed strike
                    
109. Bumper strike
                    
110. Slowdown strike
                    
111. Working-to-rule strike

112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
                    
113. Strike by resignation
                    
114. Limited strike
                    
115. Selective strike

Multi-Industry Strikes

116. Generalized strike
                    
117. General strike

Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures

118. Hartal
                    
119. Economic shutdown

THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION

Rejection of Authority
                    
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
                    
121. Refusal of public support
                    
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance

Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
                   
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
                    
124. Boycott of elections
                    
125. Boycott of government employment and positions

126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
       
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
                    
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
                    
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents

130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
                    
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
                    
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions

Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
                    
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
                    
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
                    
135. Popular nonobedience
                    
136. Disguised disobedience

137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse

138. Sitdown
                    
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
                    
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
                    
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws

Action by Government Personnel
                    
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
                    
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
                    
144. Stalling and obstruction

145. General administrative noncooperation

146. Judicial noncooperation
                    
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
                    
148. Mutiny

Domestic Governmental Action
                    
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
                    
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units

International Governmental Action
                    
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
                    
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
                    
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition

154. Severance of diplomatic relations
                    
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
                    
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
                    
157. Expulsion from international organizations

THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION

Psychological Intervention
 
158. Self-exposure to the elements

159. The fast

a) Fast of moral pressure
b) Hunger strike
c) Satyagrahic fast

160. Reverse trial
                    
161. Nonviolent harassment

Physical Intervention
                    
162. Sit-in
                    
163. Stand-in
                    
164. Ride-in
                    
165. Wade-in
                    
166. Mill-in
                    
167. Pray-in
                    
168. Nonviolent raids

169. Nonviolent air raids
                    
170. Nonviolent invasion
                    
171. Nonviolent interjection
                    
172. Nonviolent obstruction
                    
173. Nonviolent occupation

Social Intervention

174. Establishing new social patterns

175. Overloading of facilities

176. Stall-in

177. Speak-in

178. Guerrilla theater
                    
179. Alternative social institutions
                    
180. Alternative communication system

Economic Intervention
                    
181. Reverse strike

182. Stay-in strike

183. Nonviolent land seizure

184. Defiance of blockades

185. Politically motivated counterfeiting

186. Preclusive purchasing

187. Seizure of assets

188. Dumping

189. Selective patronage

190. Alternative markets
                    
191. Alternative transportation systems
                    
192. Alternative economic institutions

Political Intervention

193. Overloading of administrative systems

194. Disclosing identities of secret agents

195. Seeking imprisonment

196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws

197. Work-on without collaboration

198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government

This book explains all 198 methods and provides examples and context:

amazon.com/Politics-Nonvi…

We are not helpless to act.

END