THREAD: Takeaways from CF40 Q1 2019 #macroeconomic policy report by cf40 senior fellow Zhang Bin: 1/8
Current situation: Government speeds up #debt issuance and broad credit rises.#Economy has shown signs of bottoming out as prices rebound.
2/8 Broad credit increased by 11.4% yoy. Government #debt increased by 1.9 trillion, corporate debt by 5.8 trillion. Growth of household debt slowed significantly, but still registered an increase of 1.8 trillion.
3/8 Outlook:Economic recovery still faces challenges while several factors favor asset prices
-The growth of cyclical industries continues to slow,including home sales and auto sales.
-Sustained policy support, progress with China-US #trade talks favor the rise of assets prices.
4/8Policy advice: Continue government spending and ensure reasonable growth of broad credit
-Provide ample liquidity and ensure reasonable growth of broad credit
-Providing diversified financing channels for infrastructure and maintain reasonable increase of government spending
5/8 Develop equity financing products such as #REITs, pension funds, P/E and professional asset management services;
-Continue the supply-side reform of property market, increase the provision of residential land and improve public facilities in cities with net population inflow.
6/8 Special report: Aggregate demand management during economic restructuring
✴️Three features of economic restructuring:
-Consumption upgrading of the household sector from manufacturing products to services
-Rise of human capital-intensive industries
-Reformation of big cities
7/8 ✴️Slowdown of #capital-intensive firms led to a sharp fall in their borrowing, while the rise of human capital-intensive industries and the reformation of big cities are accompanied by a sharp rise in consumer credit and government debt.
8/8 ✴️#China’s economy is faced with the risk of deflation. Government borrowing and increased expenditure are needed to stabilize aggregate demand. #economics
📢Below is an abstract of the Q1 2019 macroeconomic policy report. The full English version of the SPECIAL REPORT is to be released soon. Stay tuned. 🤓
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According to CF40’s latest macroeconomic quarterly report ‘China's Countercyclical Fiscal Policy and Sustainability of Government Debt’, China has never heavily relied on budgetary spending to provide counter-cyclical stimulus. 1/5
Instead, it mainly adopts a model where local governments, financial institutions and local government financing vehicles work together to boost investment. 2/5
Statistics show that such a model has helped China stabilize its economic growth, but also increased the broad government debt to GDP ratio, raising concerns about the sustainability of government debt. 3/5
China could consider implementing negative individual income tax (IIT) to boost consumption and employment, advises CF40 research department. 1/4
It means that the government provides taxpayers with a certain amount of subsidy when the level of working income is lower than a given threshold. 2/4
A CF40 policy brief proposes a two-pronged policy scheme consisting of rewards and subsidies for businesses adding new jobs on one hand, and negative IIT on the other hand, which could drive spending and employment without causing excessive fiscal expenditure burdens. 3/4
The PBC's "benign neglect," an indirect policy tool devised in 2022 to influence the value of the RMB, was quite successful. It allows the market to determine the exchange rate while retaining capital controls as a last resort.1/5
It should be the most effective currency strategy for China's central bank, said CF40 Advisor Yu Yongding in a recent seminar.2/5
China should maintain a floating exchange rate regime to bring out its role as an automatic stabilizer while maintaining necessary capital control as a last resort.3/5
Despite the shrinking working-age population, there is a tremendous pool of surplus rural labor in China., said Caifang, Chief Expert of National Think Tank of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. 1/5
Many analysts predict that China will not have a rapid growth rate in the future or emerge as the largest economy in the world because its working-age population and total labor have stopped growing. 2/5
23% of the total labor in China are rural labor. In comparison, the percentage in highincome economies is only 3% or 4%. That means China needs to transfer 20% of its labor from rural to urban industries, which is huge given China’s enormous population. 3/5
#China could consider implementing negative individual income tax (IIT) to boost consumption and employment, suggests CF40 Research Department in a 2022 policy brief ‘Negative Individual Income Tax: Some Thoughts on Policies to Drive Employment and Consumption’. 1/4
It means that the government provides taxpayers with a certain amount of subsidy when the level of working income is lower than a given threshold. 2/4
The policy brief proposes a two-pronged policy scheme consisting of rewards and subsidies for businesses adding new jobs on one hand, and negative IIT on the other hand, which could drive spending and employment without causing excessive fiscal expenditure burdens. 3/4
Given China’s macroeconomic environment in December 2022, the following policies should be taken to boost China’s economic growth and deal with potential risks, said ZHANG Bin, CF40 Nonresident Senior Fellow: 1/5
1. Lower interest rate by 25 bps each time until the employment and growth targets are hit. 2. Issue new types of fiscally subsidized bonds and policy loans to support investment in public goods and quasi-public goods infrastructure projects that feature limited returns.2/4
3. Set up special funds to help market entities battered during the pandemic get back on their feet; increase the amount of living allowance for low-income groups. 3/5