A college degree can transform individuals, families, and communities. One problem is that we give too little recognition to the institutions that have the largest impact on social mobility. THREAD Image
Another problem is not all institutions lead to good outcomes for low-income students. That's why @EdReformNowUSA produced our Social Mobility Elevators brief, which identifies 4-yr institutions that have positive outcomes for students with Pell Grants. edreformnow.org/wp-content/upl…
The first and maybe most alarming thing we found was that there are only 614 4-yr colleges and universities out of almost 2,000 where students with Pell Grants are more likely to earn a degree than to leave without one and where students repay their loans at acceptable rates. Image
We call these 614 colleges and universities that are more likely lead to degrees without crushing debt Social Mobility Elevators, since they lead to good outcomes for low-income students. A majority of them are private. Only 3 are for-profits. Image
Not all elevators move as many people, however. The low-income students who go to "elite" institutions likely enjoy large benefits from attending, but the problem is that so few attend.

@UCF enrolls more students with Pell Grants than the 12 Ivy Plus universities *combined*. Image
In order to recognize the impact institutions have on social mobility, we ranked them, using Pell share, Pell grad rates, and Pell headcount. Image
Think of our rankings as a check-up on the invaluable Social Mobility Report Cards done by @OppInsights, @John_N_Friedman and popularized by @DLeonhardt and @UpshotNYT. nytimes.com/interactive/20…
It's no big surprise that public universities dominated the top of our Social Mobility Impact ranking, securing 90 of the top 100 spots. @UCF is our #2 ranked school. @CSULB is # 1 Image
@calstate schools like @calpolypomona and @csuf, the @UofCalifornia system (@UCIrvine, @UCRiverside, @ucdavis, @UCLA, @UCSD) and Florida publics (@UF, @fsu) do well in our rankings because they enroll high shares and numbers of students with Pell Grants and lead to good outcomes. Image
Other public institutions that are doing serious work to lift up low-income students: @RutgersU @montclairstateu @UHouston @TempleUniv @dougwebberecon @saragoldrickrab ImageImage
Some private institutions made it into the top 100, including @BYU, @nyu, and @USC. Image
The majority of these high-ranking private colleges that enroll and graduate large numbers of low-income students are religious (@DePaulU, @calbaptist, @StJohnsU ), but many Catholic and Christian colleges fall into the bottom half of the rankings. #WWJD Image
@USC is interesting because it is highly selective and large, which is part of the reason it has a big impact. Most highly selective colleges are small, which effectively means they hoard prestige and opportunity, landing many of them in the bottom 300 of our rankings. Image
As @DSMarkovits and others have argued, the über-selective colleges could have a much larger impact on social mobility if they increased their class sizes as well as the share of Pell-eligible students they enroll each year.
Another part of @USC's social mobility impact may come from its embrace of transfer. A lot of low-income students begin in community colleges and transfer into 4-yr schools. USC enrolls almost as many transfer students each year (~1,400) as the entire Ivy League (~1500).
Just to be clear: It's a good thing to be on this list.

Enrolling tons of low-income students is not in and of itself a good thing, not if those students don't receive the support they need. Liberty U enrolls ~20K students w/ Pell Grants every year, but only 37% earn a degree.
I hope being identified as a social mobility elevator is a source of pride for colleges and universities, but I also hope that some of the lower-ranked schools, esp the ones with billion $ endowments, take their poor ranking as a prod to do more and increase their impact.
You can check out the full searchable and sortable rankings of the 614 Social Mobility Elevators here. edreformnow.org/blog/social-mo…
Here's @JonBoeckenstedt on the decision @DePaulU made to pursue access rather than selectivity. If only that were the norm. It's certainly not the path some prestigious Catholic universities have followed. Image

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More from @James_S_Murphy

15 Oct
Here's the 20 worst 4-yr colleges in the country when it comes to enrolling low-income students.

Source: IPEDS data released today
Here's the 10 worst 4-year schools when it comes to enrolling low-income students over the past 3 years.
Looking for a glimmer of hope, I looked to see if the worst schools in 2018 were on a path to improvement.

Nope. Almost all were worse.

It looks like High Point & Santa Clara's grab for ratings in recent years came at a cost to poor students.
Read 7 tweets
1 Oct
The Washington Post published this shocking chart today.
It's got everything to do with the future of community colleges in the US. Source: washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/…
Last week, @NSClearinghouse released some preliminary data on enrollments (It represents about 22% of IHEs.) which looked surprisingly not bad for 4-yr institutions, but terrible for community colleges. Source: nscresearchcenter.org/stay-informed/
What's notable is that during the last recession, community college enrollment went up. What's different this time?
source: ccrc.tc.columbia.edu/easyblog/commu….
Read 9 tweets
29 Sep
Some universities are admitting no grad students in the humanities this year. It should probably be all of them. chronicle.com/article/more-d…
There are currently 36 assistant professor listings in the US and Canada for jobs teaching literature in English. 5 are in listed as American lit. 3 are listed as British. Image
It gets worse. 7 of those 36 jobs are in creative writing, so we're really talking about 29 jobs for *every English Phd earned a PhD in the past couple years*.

I feel so awful for the people who spent so much time and worked hard to earn a degree for which there are no jobs.
Read 4 tweets
28 Sep
Everyone hates college rankings, but they're not going away. So why not make them do some actual good instead? roanoke.com/opinion/column…
This Atlantic piece provides links to 2 decades of people criticizing college rankings, from Malcolm @Gladwell to @opinion_joe. theatlantic.com/education/arch…
The complaints about US News and World Report's rankings go back further than that, however. Here's a story from 1989 about college presidents meeting with the magazine in 1987 to complain.

33 years after that visit, the magazine is gone but the rankings persist. Image
Read 12 tweets
27 Sep
Kudos to @NACAC & @AngelBPerez for sharing data on who belongs to the organization. It left me wondering how well the organization represents the field of admissions and, as in all things, who gets best represented and wields power in the field. #RepresentationMatters Image
I'm not surprised, I guess, that 86% of community colleges are not members, EXCEPT transfer is one of the most important issues in college access, equity, and antiracism. #RepresentationMatters Image
NACAC surely needs to hear more from the schools who send transfer students to four-year schools. I imagine this is a matter of budgets. Why not let community colleges join for free? #RepresentationMatters Image
Read 9 tweets
23 Sep
The thing that everyone is going to talk about in the UC Audit are the 64 students who got an unfair advantage. But that is not the real scandal. It's the 600 high schools cut out of a system that has been shown to be antiracist and promote equity.
One of the reasons we fail again and again to fix things like college admissions and other inequitable systems is that we are obsessed with cheaters and grifters and think they're the problem.
They're not the real problem. An admissions system that fails to implement a program designed precisely to increase access is a much bigger problem, a problem that the audit says that Janet Napolitano's office ignored.
Read 6 tweets

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