John Ford Profile picture
12 Dec, 25 tweets, 10 min read
For my personal reference I made a is a list 17 Logical Fallacies thread. Cheers. Lets open up America. There is not reason for a lockdown.
1). Ad Hominem. Example attacking a woman and using 'hormones' as an excuse is a type of ad feminam fallacy. Or you are just a Trump supporter. Study found that attacks on positions based on ad hominem fallacies were just as effective as attacks based on evidence
2). Strawman argument, someone attacks a position the opponent doesn’t really hold. Instead of contending with the actual argument, he or she attacks the equivalent of a lifeless bundle of straw, an easily defeated effigy, which the opponent never intended upon defending anyway.
3). Appeal to ignorance. “We have no evidence that the Illuminati ever existed. They must have been so clever they destroyed all evidence. Or "I know nothing about Tank Johnson except that he has a criminal record as long as your leg, but I’ll bet he’s really just misunderstood"
4). False Dilemma/False Dichotomy. This line of reasoning fails by limiting the options to two when there are in fact more options to choose from. “There are only two kinds of people in the world: people who love Led Zeppelin, and people who hate music.”
5). Slippery Slope Fallacy. “But, you have to let me go to the party! If I don’t go to the party, I’ll be a loser with no friends. Next thing you know I’ll end up alone and jobless living in your basement when I’m 30!”
6). Circular Argument - When a person’s argument is just repeating what they already assumed beforehand, it’s not arriving at any new conclusion. Example, “According to my brain, my brain is reliable.” , “According to my brain, my brain is reliable.”
7). Hasty generalization. General statement without sufficient evidence to support it. Its a rush to have a conclusion, leading the arguer to commit some sort of illicit assumption, stereotyping, unwarranted conclusion, overstatement, or exaggeration.
8). Red herring fallacy” is a distraction from the argument typically with some sentiment that seems to be relevant but isn’t really on-topic.
9). “Tu quoque,” Latin for “you too,” is also called the “appeal to hypocrisy” because it distracts from the argument by pointing out hypocrisy in the opponent. Example, But, Dad, I know you smoked when you were my age, so how can you tell me not to do it?
10). False cause or non causa pro causa ("not the-cause for a cause") fallacy, which is when you conclude about a cause without enough evidence to do so. Consider, for example, “Since your parents named you ‘Harvest,’ they must be farmers.”
11). Post hoc ergo propter hoc ("after this, therefore because of this"). Yesterday, I walked under a ladder with an open umbrella indoors while spilling salt in front of a black cat. And I forgot to knock on wood with my lucky dice. That must be why I’m having such a bad day
12). Hoc ergo propter hoc (Lat., “with this therefore because of this"). Every time Joe goes swimming he is wearing his Speedos. Something about wearing that Speedo must make him want to go swimming
13). Fallacy of Sunk Costs Example, after watching the first six episodes of Friends, you decide the show isn’t for you. Those six episodes are your “sunk cost.” But, because you’ve already invested roughly six hours of your life in it, you say that you might as well finish it.
14). Appeal to Authority (argumentum ad verecundiam). When we misuse an authority. This misuse of authority can occur in a number of ways. We can cite only authorities — steering conveniently away from other testable and concrete evidence as if expert opinion is always correct
15) Equivocation (ambiguity) - When a word, phrase, or sentence is used deliberately to confuse, deceive, or mislead by sounding like it’s saying one thing but actually saying something else.
16). Appeal to Pity (argumentum ad misericordiam) Example Professor, you have to give me an A on this paper. I know I only turned in a sentence and some clip art, but you have to understand, my grandmother suddenly died
17). The ad populum fallacy (Lat., “to the populous/popularity”) Almost everyone at my school will be at the party Friday night. It must be the right thing to do.”
Ignoratio Elenchi (Irrelevant Conclusion) instead of proving that this person has committed an atrocious fraud u prove that this fraud he is accused of is atrocious The nature of the fallacy, then, consists in substituting for a certain issue another which is more or less close
Ad hominem - Against the Man argument based on the perceived failings of an adversary rather than on the merits of the case. When your rebuttal to an opponent's position is an irrelevant attack on the opponent personally rather than the subject at hand, to discredit the position
Argumentum Ad Baculum (Appeal to Force) - fallacy committed when one makes an appeal to force/threat of force to bring about the acceptance of a conclusion one participates when one points out the negative consequences of holding the contrary position
Confirmation Bias & Sunk Cost Fallacy - Bias that results from the tendency to process & analyze information in such a way that it supports one’s preexisting ideas and convictions. Sunk cost is trying something even though it does not work because of time and energy already spent
Argumentum ad temperantiam - The middle ground fallacy argues that because compromising is good, finding middle ground between two extremes - despite any indisputable fact being presented - must be reached.
Halo Effect & Gamblers Fallacy - Halo effect is the tendency for positive impressions of a person to positively influence one's opinion or feelings in other areas. Gambler's Fallacy occurs when one believes that a certain random event is less/more likely due to previous events
Single Cause Logical Fallacy - is a fallacy of questionable cause Occurs when it is assumed that there is a single, simple cause of an outcome when in reality it may have been caused by a number of only jointly sufficient causes.. " X caused Y; therefore, X was only cause of Y"

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More from @PDXFato

10 Dec
Kids have been locked down since March here in #oregon. Now the kids are being asked to watch CNN10 as part of their curriculum. Here is a summary of Dec 9th: 1) #england approves first untested vaccine from #Pfizer 90 year old man took it first Part 1
2). Mentioning that restaurants are hit hard by lockdowns, then describe a online delivery service called Goldbelly. Told the audience that some restaurants are selling more than when people came. Part 2
3). Trivia question about country that is located that is located between #india and #china. Then it told a story that #indian and #chinese scientist agreed to the height. Yea, #china is so great they cooperate on science Part 3
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